The G-Index: a sustainability reporting assessment tool

The subject of sustainability reports, especially those related to GRI, has become an interesting topic to academics and practitioners. This paper seeks to propose an easy-to-use sustainability reporting assessment tool that is suitable to the GRI G4 guidelines. Our idea is to provide a tool that can be applied by an organization, based in GRI indicators, in a quick and easy way. The tool, called G-Index, represents the organizational sustainability performance. The index is a sum of four factors, and a questionnaire about the GRI elements raised the data to elaborate a Mudge diagram, which was used to define the weight values. Finally, the method for the evaluation tool was established, and a case study with the automotive sector was performed. The results showed us the G-Index represents a good option to assess the organization’s disclosure practices in sustainability reports based on the GRI framework. The report analysis presented some important facts, it is more common the disclosure of the Management Approach then the application of External Assurance. Furthermore, even the General Standard Disclosures of the GRI guidelines being mandatory, some companies do not fully disclose them, as shown in the GS factor, that makes up, the G-Index.     

飞机冲偏出跑道人为差错量化分析模型

为了分析飞机冲偏出跑道的人为差错,找到重点防控对象,提出了冲偏出跑道人为差错量化分析模型。首先应用STPA方法对飞机滑行、起飞及着陆程序进行建模,构建安全控制结构图,找出飞机冲偏出跑道的人为差错。然后将它作为BP神经网络的输入层节点,构建24-6-3的3层BP神经网络模型,从ASRS系统中抽取民航领域近5年的冲偏出跑道不安全事件报告作为数据源,根据发生阶段的不同将不安全事件报告分为滑行阶段、起飞阶段、着陆阶段3类,最后将数据源输入BP神经网络模型中进行训练,并利用测试数据检验模型的合理性,准确率为86. 7%。结果表明,特殊情况下机组人员操作不熟练、刹车系统/方向控制错误等是构成所有阶段冲偏出跑道的主要人为差错,飞机冲偏出跑道的发生阶段不同,影响因素的影响程度也不同。     

日本企业减少环境负担的举措和启示

摘要本文分析了日本企业在环境管理方面采取的一些措施和执行的政策，并对比中国企业环境管理的现状和我国环境污染、生态恶化的严重性。提出了规范企业环境管理、采用3R原则及ICA法进行产品设计开发生产等建议。     

浅论"三表合一"的设想

对国家环保总局提出的"三表合一"的设想,从三个方面提出自己的观点。第一,应以排污申报登记核定为基础,客观建立污染源动态数据库;第二,"三表合一"应该是环境统计报表、排污收费报表、污染控制报表等各方面污染源的数据统一到排污申报登记报表;第三,"三表合一"首先应建立统一的污染源指标体系,统一的污染测算方法和统一的基础数据库。     

空气质量监测运行方式分析

我国空气质量监督方式尚不统一,出现了三套数据的可比性问题。本文通过对这三种运行方式的经济技术特点分析,提出淘汰“五日法”、规范“24小时”法、发展自动连续监测和遥感监测的建议。     

人类抗灾体适能培养途径的研究

在<人类抗灾体适能的理论架构的研究>的基础上,通过问卷调查法、专家访谈法、数理统计法、查阅资料法、逻辑分析法等,进一步确认了人类抗灾体适能的概念、影响因素等;并分析了通过体育教育培养人类抗灾体适能的可行性,认为体育教育中人类抗灾体适能的培养途径有体育竞赛、长时间的球类活动、中长跑、长时间的健美操、游泳、定向越野与野外生存等.     

濮阳台计算震级偏低原因及应对方法

濮阳市地震台位于豫北的东北部,其东部的40平方千米为东濮凹陷和聊兰断裂带,这一区域地震较多。濮阳台计算出的震级与省台网震级相比普遍偏低,严重影响我台地震速报的正确性。经过分析该区域地震偏低的原因,认为加校正值是比较好的应对方法,并计算出了本区域地震震级的校正值。通过使用,效果良好。     

Elevated atmospheric CO2 and drought effects on leaf gas exchange properties of barley

Atmospheric CO₂ concentration (C_a) is rising, predicted to cause global warming, and alter precipitation patterns. During 1994, spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L. cv. Alexis) was grown in a strip-split-plot experimental design to determine the effects that the main plot C_a treatments [A: Ambient at 370 μmol (CO₂) mol⁻¹; E: Enriched with free-air CO₂ enrichment (FACE) at ∼550 μmol (CO₂) mol⁻¹] had on several gas exchange properties of fully expanded sunlit primary leaves. The interacting strip-split-plot irrigation treatments were Dry or Wet [50% (D) or 100% (W) replacement of potential evapotranspiration] at ample nitrogen (261 kg N ha⁻¹) and phosphorous (29 kg P ha⁻¹) fertility. Elevated C_a facilitated drought avoidance by reducing stomatal conductance (g_s) by 34% that conserved water and enabled stomata to remain open for a longer period into a drought. This resulted in a 28% reduction in drought-induced midafternoon depression in net assimilation rate (A). Elevated C_a increased A by 37% under Dry and 23% under Wet. Any reduction in A under Wet conditions occurred because of nonstomatal limitations, whereas under Dry it occurred because of stomatal limitations. Elevated C_a increased the diurnal integral of A (A′) that resulted in an increase in the seasonal-long integral of A′ (A″) for barley leaves by 12% (P = 0.14) under both Dry and Wet - 650, 730, 905 and 1020 ± 65 g (C) m⁻² y⁻¹ for AD, ED, AW and EW treatments, respectively. Elevated C_a increased season-long average dry weight (DW_S; crown, shoots) by 14% (P = 0.02), whereas deficit irrigation reduced DW_S by 7% (P = 0.06), although these values may have been affected by a short but severe pea aphid [Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris)] infestation. Hence, an elevated-C_a-based improvement in gas exchange properties enhanced growth of a barley crop.     

编制废气监测报告中若干问题的探讨

结合实践工作,对编制废气监测报告过程中容易出现的一些问题进行了剖析,指出编制废气报告相应的要求。     

三种霾日统计方法的比较分析

为了研究单次值法、日均值法、14时值法3种常用的霾日和轻雾(雾)日统计结果的异同,以环首都圈京津冀晋四省市为例进行了比较.华北地区霾日用3种方法统计的过去60余年霾日的区域分布表明,3种方法统计的霾日是单次值法>日均值法>14时值法,大致是1:0.54:0.45的关系,但区域分布趋势比较相似.典型城市霾日的长期变化趋势大都十分相似.而轻雾(雾)日的长期变化趋势表明,用单次值法统计的明显偏多,且有长期下降趋势;而用日均值法与14时值法统计的轻雾(雾)日无大差别,且没有明显的长期变化趋势,反映了年季和年代季的气候波动.从长期季节变化趋势来看,3种统计方法的结果除日数的差别外,季节分布特征比较类似.一个突出的特点是除去采暖季有较多的霾日外,在盛夏季节霾日也明显多,集中出现在6~9月,尤其是7~8月,与桑拿天同期出现,这与全国大部分城市的变化趋势完全不同.是华北地区的特有现象.用单次值法统计霾日,将包括所有的霾过程,即大范围持续时间长,且与一定天气系统与近地层扩散条件相关连的霾,及在稳定的晴朗夜间由于辐射降温,使相对湿度升高而导致能见度下降形成的霾.用日均值法,则可能更多的显示长时间大范围的霾天气过程;而使用14时法,则对早晚因湿度增加降低能见度出现的霾天气漏记,突出长时间大范围的霾天气过程.