井冈山森林碳储量与LAI和材积的相关性

建立林木生物量模型是估算森林生物量的重要方法之一,叶面积指数（Leaf Area Index,简称LAI）和材积与林木密切相关,是否可通过建立森林生物量与LAI或材积的相关模型来估算森林生物量,进而估算森林碳储量,值得探索。以井冈山自然保护区两种典型森林类型（常绿阔叶林和人工杉木林）为研究对象,分乔木层、植被层和总体（植被层＋土壤层）3部分分别计算碳密度,并对它们与叶面积指数LAI和材积之间的相关性进行分析。结果表明：常绿阔叶林总体碳密度为38．915kg／m^2,高于人工杉木林的27．460kg／m^2;两种森林类型乔木层和植被层碳密度与材积具有很好的相关性（R^2〉0．97）,在与LAI的相关性分析中,人工杉木林乔木层和植被层碳密度与LAI相关系数达到0．7以上,相关关系显著,而常绿阔叶林各层碳密度与LAI的相关性不明显;在森林总体碳密度与LAI和材积的相关性分析中发现,只有常绿阔叶林总体碳密度与材积的R^2为0．7116,达到显著水平,其它相关性水平均不显著。因此,利用材积与生物量和碳储量的相关关系来推算井冈山森林生物量和碳储量的方法是可行的,通过叶面积指数来推算森林生物量和碳储量的方法还有待进一步研究探讨。     

环境样品中汞形态分析技术的进展

汞的毒性、环境行为、生物有效性不仅跟其浓度有关,还决定于其化学形态,因此汞的形态分析在环境科学中具有重要意义。样品前处理几乎是汞形态分析研究中不可或缺的步骤,而色谱和光谱/质谱联用技术是目前普遍采用的分离检测方法。文章对近十年来这些方面的研究进展进行了综述,主要包括样品的前处理方法如酸/碱溶剂萃取、微波辅助萃取、固相萃取、固相微萃取、单滴微萃取、分散液液微萃取等,以及色谱(液相色谱、气相色谱)和毛细管电泳与光谱/质谱(紫外可见光谱、原子吸收光谱、原子荧光光谱、等离子体质谱等)的联用技术在汞化合物形态分析中的应用情况。最后提出今后应重点研究建立高效、简便的前处理方法,发展高分离度、高灵敏度、高速度的分离检测联用技术,以便更好地对汞的形态进行分析监测。     

硝基苯气相氟代脱硝反应热安全性的理论研究

为研究硝基苯气相氟代脱硝反应的热安全性,采用Gaussian98软件,运用密度泛函理论(DFT)B3LYP,在6-31G(D)基组水平上,全优化计算气相条件下氟离子对硝基苯进攻的氟代脱硝反应的微观机理,得到反应路径并通过IRC验证,并对反应过程中反应物,各中间体、过渡态、产物进行分子几何构型优化,标准热力学函数计算。理论计算研究表明:该反应属于SN2亲核取代反应;反应能垒较低,反应所需能量可以从过程R→IM1和TS3→P所释放的能量(279.06 kJ/mol,143.34 kJ/mol)中获得;与席曼反应相比较,该反应速率下降3个数量级,热安全性更高,符合化工工程设计的本质安全化要求,具有广阔的应用前景。     

河北省近年地闪特征分析

利用河北省电力部门提供的2003年1月至2007年12月5年的地闪定位资料,对河北省地闪活动的时空分布进行了分析。结果表明:河北省地闪高密度区主要位于太行山中南部的迎风坡、燕山东部迎风坡以及平原的局部地区。地闪高密度区的分布,大部分与山脉峡谷地带、山脉迎风坡、地面水源丰富区及铁矿区较为对应;河北省的地闪活动呈现出明显的月季变化和日变化。地闪活动主要发生在4-10月,其中以6-8月最为频繁。地闪的月、季变化与副热带高压脊线位置的月季变化密切相关。河北省地闪活动的峰值出现在15-17时,谷值出现在10-11时。     

SGO改性复合纳滤膜的制备及分盐性能

近年来,水资源短缺,水源污染严重,国家对水处理末端的资源化利用提出了更高的要求,分盐过程也受到越来越多的关注.纳滤膜表面通常带有电荷,可以选择性地透过不同价态的离子.基于纳滤膜表面电荷特性不同,为很好地实现盐的分离,将制备的带有磺酸基团的氧化石墨烯引入到纳滤膜材料中,采用界面聚合法,制备了SGO改性复合纳滤膜. Zeta电位分析表明所制备的复合纳滤膜表面的电荷比不添加SGO的纳滤膜更负;红外光谱分析中酯基基团特征峰的出现表明磺酸基团参与了聚合反应; SEM结构表面,膜表面出现了明显的图灵结构,在0. 2 MPa压力下,纯水通量可达45. 85 L·(m~2·h)-1,对Na2SO4截留率为98. 23%,对Na Cl截留率为24. 93%,10 h运行可以很好地实现对SO_4~(2-)、Cl~-的有效分离,可实现盐的资源化回收.     

Effects of soil nematodes communities on litter decomposition in urban forest of Dalian北大核心CSCD

In order to further expound the effect of soil nematodes on litter decomposition in urban forest, this study investigated the responses of soil nematodes communities to litter decomposition by litterbags technology at different mesh sizes in Dalian National Forest Park. Soil nematodes community composition, decomposition rate of litter and nutrient release were also analyzed. It found a total of 4 418 nematodes from 39 genera. Higher relative density of soil nematodes was found in the bags with 0.1 mm mesh size (1.55 individuals and 7.34 orders per g of dry litter) compared to the bags with 0.02 mm mesh size (0.21 individuals and 0.49 orders per g of dry litter). There were very few soil nematodes in the 0.02 mm litter bags. Thus we regarded that soil nematodes only affected the 0.1 mm litter bags. The mass loss rates as well as C and P release rates was higher in litter bags with 0.1 mm mesh size than in those with 0.02 mm mesh size, indicating a significant influence of soil nematodes on mass loss and nutrient release. The contribution of soil nematodes to the litter mass loss was about 24%. The effect of soil nematodes on the nutrient release rates differed among elements. The soil nematodes had a bigger influence on the release rate of N than that of other elements, whereas the influence on K release rate was the lowest. The results showed that soil nematodes communities has a significant effect on the litter decomposition and nutrient release of the forest litter in Dalian city, especially promoting the mass loss rates and N release rates.     

Large-sample-size assessment of socioeconomic predictors of community-level resource management occurrence

Community-level resource management efforts are cornerstones in ensuring sustainable use of natural resources. Yet, understanding how community characteristics influence management practices remains contested. With a sample size of ≥725 communities, we assessed the effects of key community (i.e., socioeconomic) characteristics (human population size and density, market integration, and modernization) on the probability of occurrence of fisheries management practices, including gear, species, and spatial restrictions. The study was based in Solomon Islands, a Pacific Island country with a population that is highly dependent on coastal fisheries. People primarily dwell in small communities adjacent to the coastline dispersed across 6 island provinces and numerous smaller islands. We used nationally collected data in binomial logistic regression models to examine the likelihood of management occurrence, given socioeconomic context of communities. In contrast to prevailing views, we identified a positive and statistically significant association between both human population size and market integration and all 3 management practices. Human population density, however, had a statistically significant negative association and modernization a varied and limited association with occurrence of all management practices. Our method offers a way to remotely predict the occurrence of resource management practices based on key socioeconomic characteristics. It could be used to improve understanding of why some communities conduct natural resource management activities when statistical patterns suggest they are not likely to and thus improve understanding of how some communities of people beat the odds despite limited market access and high population density.     

Effects of stand density on understory species diversity and soil anti-scourability of Cupressus funebris plantation in Yunding Mountain,Sichuan, China北大核心CSCD

To protect the ecosystem of barren mountains, massive Cupressus funebris plantations were allowed in hilly areas of the central Sichuan Basin in the late 1980s. In recent years, Cupressus funebris plantations have faced problems such as biodiversity decline and soil erosion. To study the effects of different forest densities on understory species diversity and soil anti-scourability of Cupressus funebris plantations in Yunding Mountain, a typical sampling method was used to investigate the five different forest densities (1 100, 950, 800, 650, and 500 trees/hm2) and to analyze the correlation between the species diversity index, soil anti-scourability, and root index. In total, 176 species from 128 genera and 69 families were recorded in this area. The number of species in the herb layer was higher than that in the shrub layer. The species diversity index of the shrub layer first increased and then decreased with the decrease in stand density; and the species richness index D and Shannon–Wiener diversity index H showed peak values at a density of 650 trees/hm2. The species richness index D, Shannon–Wiener diversity index H, and Simpson dominance index H’ in the herb layer showed a bimodal trend of increasing, then decreasing, increasing again, and finally decreasing with the decrease in stand density; and the peak values were found at the densities of 650 and 950 trees/hm2. When soil anti-scourability decreased with stand density, it showed a trend of increasing and then decreasing, reaching a peak at a density of 650 trees/hm2. The positive correlation between the species richness index and soil anti-scourability was evident. Thus, 650 trees/hm2 is relatively more conducive to the stability of species diversity and soil anti-scourability in cypress plantations. © 2022 Authors. All rights reserved.     

Functional flax fiber with UV-induced switchable wettability for multipurpose oil-water separation

● A PAA-ZnO-HDTMS flax fiber with UV-induced switchable wettability was developed. ● The property of flax fiber could be switched from hydrophobicity to hydrophilicity. ● The mechanism of the acquired UV-induced switchable wettability was discussed. ● The developed flax fiber was successfully used for multipurpose oil-water separation. The large number of oily wastewater discharges and oil spills are bringing about severe threats to environment and human health. Corresponding to this challenge, a functional PAA-ZnO-HDTMS flax fiber with UV-induced switchable wettability was developed for efficient oil-water separation in this study. The developed flax fiber was obtained through PAA grafted polymerization and then ZnO-HDTMS nanocomposite immobilization. The as-prepared PAA-ZnO-HDTMS flax fiber was hydrophobic initially and could be switched to hydrophilic through UV irradiation. Its hydrophobicity could be easily recovered through being stored in dark environment for several days. To optimize the performance of the PAA-ZnO-HDTMS flax fiber, the effects of ZnO and HDTMS concentrations on its switchable wettability were investigated. The optimized PAA-ZnO-HDTMS flax fiber had a large water contact angle (~130°) in air and an extremely small oil contact angle (~0°) underwater initially. After UV treatment, the water contact angle was decreased to 30°, while the underwater oil contact angle was increased to more than 150°. Based on this UV-induced switchable wettability, the developed PAA-ZnO-HDTMS flax fiber was applied to remove oil from immiscible oil-water mixtures and oil-in-water emulsion with great reusability for multiple cycles. Thus, the developed flax fiber could be further fabricated into oil barrier or oil sorbent for oil-water separation, which could be an environmentally-friendly alternative in oil spill response and oily wastewater treatment.     

Recent advances in antimony removal using carbon-based nanomaterials: A review

• The synthesis and physicochemical properties of various CNMs are reviewed. • Sb removal using carbon-based nano-adsorbents and membranes are summarized. • Details on adsorption behavior and mechanisms of Sb uptake by CNMs are discussed. • Challenges and future prospects for rational design of advanced CNMs are provided. Recently, special attention has been deserved to environmental risks of antimony (Sb) element that is of highly physiologic toxicity to human. Conventional coagulation and ion exchange methods for Sb removal are faced with challenges of low efficiency, high cost and secondary pollution. Adsorption based on carbon nanomaterials (CNMs; e.g., carbon nanotubes, graphene, graphene oxide, reduced graphene oxide and their derivatives) may provide effective alternative because the CNMs have high surface area, rich surface chemistry and high stability. In particular, good conductivity makes it possible to create linkage between adsorption and electrochemistry, thereby the synergistic interaction will be expected for enhanced Sb removal. This review article summarizes the state of art on Sb removal using CNMs with the form of nano-adsorbents and/or filtration membranes. In details, procedures of synthesis and functionalization of different forms of CNMs were reviewed. Next, adsorption behavior and the underlying mechanisms toward Sb removal using various CNMs were presented as resulting from a retrospective analysis of literatures. Last, we prospect the needs for mass production and regeneration of CNMs adsorbents using more affordable precursors and objective assessment of environmental impacts in future studies.