电凝聚净化合成洗涤剂污水

介绍了电凝聚方法处理合成洗涤剂生产中污水和洗衣房污水的工艺流程、处理效果,以及经济效益。     

国产十种合成洗衣粉诱发华西大蟾蜍(Bufo bufo andrewsi)蝌蚪红细胞微核的研究

研究了国产10种洗衣粉对华西大蟾蜍(Bufo bufo andrewsi)蝌蚪红细胞微核的诱变,结果表明“活力28超浓缩无泡加香”洗衣粉,“TM”及“SD”洗衣粉(1.2,6.0及12.0ppm)诱发蝌蚪微核率增高。在我们实验条件下,另外7种合成洗衣粉中的5种在12.0ppm浓度组也引起微核率升高。     

NUTRIENT LOADS TO WISCONSIN LAKES: PART II. RELATIVE IMPORTANCE OF NUTRIENT SOURCES1

ABSTRACT: A comparison of municipal wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) and nonpoint source nutrient loads to Wisconsin's 14,927 inland lakes was performed. Only 65 of the 2,925 Wisconsin lakes having surface areas of at least eight ha and a maximum depth of at least 2.4 m had one or more WWTP's located within 40 km upstream; 99 of Wisconsin's 477 WWTP's were identified to be upstream of these 65 lakes. WWTP total nitrogen and total phosphorus loads to these 65 lakes were estimated using per capita influent loads and removal efficiencies based on wastewater treatment types. Nonpoint source nutrient loads were calculated utilizing nutrient export coefficients derived specifically for Wisconsin. Total nitrogen inputs to the lakes were dominated by nonpoint sources. The effectiveness of various phosphorus control programs to produce water quality improvements visible to the public was estimated to be as follows (going from most to least effective): municipal phosphorus removal and agricultural reductions, municipal phosphorus removal alone, agricultural reduction plus phosphate detergent ban, agricultural reductions alone, and phosphate detergent ban alone. The last option would not be expected to produce water quality improvement visible to the public in any Wisconsin lakes. The differences between the distributions in Wisconsin of population and inland lakes highlights the need to consider regional characteristics in any statewide water quality management plan.     

SBR法处理合成洗涤剂废水的研究

在本文中,作者通过对ＳＢＲ工艺以及合成洗涤剂工业废水水质的介绍,经过一系列的实例,得到了使用ＳＢＲ法对合成洗涤剂工业废水进行处理的各种参数,如进水时间,如进水时间、曝气时间、搅拌时间、静沉时间、排水时间、进水水比例、实验流流程顺序等。     

氨法脱硫洗涤液pH的计算模型

应用酸碱质子理论,根据质子平衡方程建立了氨法脱硫洗涤液相关离子浓度与pH的相关性模型,并对其影响因素进行了讨论。研究表明:脱硫洗涤液理论计算pH与实测的pH基本吻合。结合实验验证了影响洗涤液pH的硫元素存在形态与脱硫洗涤液pH之间的相图关系,并提出模型修正方法。模型可作为氨法脱硫洗涤液pH的合理计算方法。     

我国合成洗涤剂生产废水治理技术研究

综述了近年来我国合成洗涤剂生产废水的特性;化学混凝法、泡沫分离法和生物接触氧化法处理合成洗涤剂生产废水的最佳工艺条件及其处理效果;工程应用实例及经济分析等。生产运行结果表明,处理后出水水质全面达到国家排放标准。化学混凝法,泡沫分离一混凝法其设备、流程简单、去除效率高、占地少,但运行费用较高。生物接触氧化－臭氧氧化法其出水可以回用、工艺先进、可靠、运行费用低、无二次污染。     

我国洗衣粉消费形成的COD总量测

根据水质COD重铬酸钾法,实测了市场上5种常见品牌洗衣粉的COD负荷值,得到其平均值为0．328（w／w）（绝干洗衣粉）。由我国使用量计算得到2005年洗衣粉形成的COD总量为88．87×10^4t,这相当于当年全国工业和生活COD排放总量的6．3％,全国生活COD排放总量的10．3％,2005年我国洗衣粉消费过程COD产污系数为1．86g／（d·人）,需要对洗衣粉消费形成的COD总量水平予以必要的关注。     

ASsessment Of Alcohol Ethoxylate Surfactants And Fatty Alcohols Mixtures In River Sediments And Prospective Risk Assessment

A feasible and relatively readily available analytical method was adapted for the assessment of alcohol ethoxylates (AE) and fatty alcohols (FA) in sediments. This study illustrates the simultaneous measurement of 38 of 114 possible alcohol ethoxylate ethoxymers (AE) and fatty alcohols (FA) found in commercially important AE products. We predicted toxicity for all identified fractions, as well as the total mixture toxicity, relative to three exposure scenarios via sewage treatment plants (STP) for these widely used chemicals in consumer products and hence generate a preliminary environmental risk screening for AE and FA in sediments. The method is based on derivatization of solvent or solid-phase extracts with 2-fluoro-N-methylpyridinium p-toluenesulfonate (Pyr+). The derivatized extracts were analyzed with liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) operating in the positive ion electrospray mode. The extraction efficiency of AE and FA in three different sediments of varying composition was evaluated with spike-recovery studies, ranging from 64% to 80%. The detection limits for individual ethoxymers typically ranged from 1 to 5ngg⁻¹on a dry weight basis. The mean limit of detection (LOD) was 6ngg⁻¹and the median LOD was 3ngg⁻¹. AE and FA in sediments were found to be stable for two weeks if preserved with 3% (v/v) formalin and stored at 4–6^∘C. Based on equilibrium partitioning, background concentrations of AE and FA were predicted to be below concentrations known to elicit chronically toxic effects. Total worst case mixture toxicities for all AE ethoxymers combined with FA were predicted to result in a risk quotient less than 0.6. Activated sludge treatment (STP) significantly reduced the release of total AE and FA by four-fold, suggesting that the total mixture risk quotient would be < 0.15 for sediment dependent organisms.     

几种家用洗涤剂对涡虫的急性毒性实验

洗衣粉、洗洁精、洗发露以发及洗面奶4种家庭常用洗涤剂对涡虫的急性毒性实验表明，洗衣粉，洗发露对涡虫的急性毒性明显高于洗洁精，洗面奶，其结果与家用洗涤剂对两种鱼苗及1种大型蚤的急性毒性实验结果基本相吻合，表明了用涡虫监测水质具有一定的应用价值。     

AB法处理含合成洗涤剂的废水

研究结果表明，在适当条件下，ＡＢ工艺用于处理含合成洗涤剂废水的ＣＯＤｃｒ和ＢＯＤ５总去除率分别为９０％－９５％和８６％－９６％，比常规活性污泥法提高３６％－４５％。