Comparison Between Heat Pipe and Direct Heat Exchange Solar Louvre Collectors

International concern about the environmental implications of climate change coupled with increasing demand for energy to fuel modern society has lead to growing interest in using renewable energy sources as alternatives to conventional sources. The work presented in this paper compares two types of solar collector integrated into louvred shading devices. In addition to protecting glazed spaces in buildings from excessive solar gain, the collector would provide the flexibility to produce systems customized for collecting heat over a temperature-range appropriate to particular building services applications at various climates/locations. This would allow considerable savings to be made in primary energy consumption and lead to a reduction in global warming impact. Two solar absorbers, based on different techniques of heat exchange, were tested experimentally. The first was based on a direct heat exchange technique, and the second used heat pipe technology. Various comparisons were made and it was concluded that the heat pipe solar louvre collector was the preferred device.     

一起大型游乐设施困人故障的调查分析与预防措施

随着大型游乐设施数量的快速增长,大型游乐设施的使用安全越来越得到社会的广泛关注。通过对一起名为空中飞旋的大型游乐设施发生的困人故障进行调查与分析,清晰地还原了设备故障的发生情形,详细描述了故障原因的排查过程,具体分析了排查出的机械故障及电气故障。最后,根据调查分析的结果提出了四点预防措施,为防止类似设备发生困人事故提供了参考。     

简易升降类机械式停车设备安全隐患探析

随着人们生活水平的提高,单个家庭购买多部汽车的情况在逐年增加,停车位一位难求的矛盾比较突出。住宅小区家庭用户购买的单个平面停车位向立体2个停车位拓展情况成为趋势。本文从防载车板坠落装置设置、同步检测装置、载车板升降过程中视线盲区三个方面分析其安全隐患,并有针对性地提出一些建议,旨在减少简易升降类机械式停车设备的安全隐患提供有益帮助。     

霉菌对光电装备产生的影响及防护

通过对光电装备长霉现象的研究,分析了霉菌生长的条件,根据生长条件,重点探讨了装备中霉菌产生的主要原因及对装备产生的影响,提出霉菌防护的方法。     

城市污泥的特性及管道输送技术研究

城市脱水污泥常见的处置方式是焚烧、燃烧发电、堆肥后土地化利用和填埋等。无论采用哪种无害化、资源化处置方法,输送环节都是必不可少的。城市污泥管道输送技术是以管道输送设备为核心,融合城市污泥的预处理和处置工艺的集成化系统。通过对城市污泥的流变特性和输送特性实验测试,其流变方程符合幂定律关系式;通过环管实验拟合出了污泥在管道中的阻力损失与输送距离和输送流量之间的关系,经验证,其理论计算和实际测定基本相符,证明管道输送方式能够成功地应用于城市污泥的远距离输送,为城市污泥管道输送系统的优化设计提供了理论依据。     

Improving the safety of distracted pedestrians with in-ground flashing lights. A railway crossing field study

Introduction: Current signage at intersections is designed for attentive pedestrians who are looking ahead. Such signage may not be sufficient when distracted by smartphones. Illuminated in-ground LED lights at crossings are an innovative solution to alert distracted pedestrians. Method: We conducted a field study at a railway crossing equipped with in-ground lights to assess whether distracted pedestrians (N = 34, Mean age 33.6 ± 8.6 years) could detect these lights and how this impacted on their visual scanning and crossing behaviour. This involved a 2 × 3 repeated measures design exploring the impact of the presence (treatment) or absence (control) of in-ground lights (treatment) at a crossing, and a distractor task presented through a mobile device (none, visual, and audio) on eye movements recorded using an eye tracker, and verbal reporting of when participants detected the lights. Results: Participants engaged in the distraction tasks as evidenced by their accuracy and reaction times in all conditions. With both the audio and visual distraction tasks, participants looked at the in-ground LEDs and detected their activation as accurately as when not distracted (95%). While most participants detected the lights at their activation, visual distraction resulted in 10% of the detections occurring as participants entered the rail corridor, suggesting effectiveness in gaining pedestrians’ attention. Further, participants were significantly less likely to check for trains when visually distracted (70%), a 10% reduction compared to the no or audio distractor conditions (80% and 78% respectively). The introduction of the in-ground lights resulted in appropriate scanning of the rail tracks (77% and 78% for the visual and auditory distractor tasks respectively) similar to that of non-distracted participants for the crossing without lights (80%). Conclusions: Our findings indicate that illuminated in-ground lights could be useful in attracting the attention of distracted pedestrians at railway level crossings, and possibly at other road intersections. Practical Applications: Illuminated in-ground lights can be installed at rail and road intersections with known pedestrian distraction as a countermeasure. Further research is necessary to understand their long-term effects.     

化学氧呼吸器的现状与发展趋势

随着人类社会的发展进步,对生产安全和应急救生用呼吸器的需求越来越旺盛,化学氧呼吸器已经成为重要的研究方向。介绍了化学氧呼吸器的工作原理和发展历程以及技术现状,分析比较了化学氧呼吸器的优缺点。在此基础上指出,优化产氧装置、开发高效冷却技术、降低整体体积和重量、制定技术标准和开发检测技术是化学氧呼吸器研究开发重要而又迫切的任务。     

确保地表建筑物安全矸石充填开采原料配比及充填量的确定

为确定某矿的矸石充填开采过程中最优充填材料配比和最佳的矸石充填量。设计了一种新型的矸石压缩模具,应用该模具和YE-200A液压试验机对十种不同粒径配比的矸石进行压缩试验,得出均匀配比的矸石为最优充填配比。采用最小二乘法拟合的数学模型,确定了均匀配比矸石充填材料与压力的变化规律。最后推出了均匀配比的矸石充填高度与采厚、顶板允许下沉量及顶板压力的函数关系。     

叉车用安全装置的开发

以机械设备为起因的工伤事故中,叉车事故比较常见。首先介绍了日本国内叉车事故的分类统计数据,从硬件设备方面,概述了叉车减灾的主要措施,针对驾驶员在行驶中将肢体伸出驾驶仓外时易发生冲撞或挤压事故的情况,提出了基于光幕及激光扫描器的驾驶员肢体伸出仓外的监控方法。然后根据叉车的不同刹车性能指标,探讨了如何设定检测领域大小的问题。对蓄电池式1.5t叉车进行的实验表明,在检测系统能直接控制刹车的情况下,我们提出的方法是行之有效的。     

松软煤层锚固孔孔底扩孔锚固性能试验研究

针对松软煤层巷道锚杆锚固力低成为制约松软煤层巷道锚杆支护技术发展的瓶颈,提出锚固孔孔底倒楔形扩孔提高锚杆锚固性能的方法,研发了锚固孔孔底单翼扩孔装置,并进行了实验室和井下现场试验,结果表明单翼锚固孔孔底扩孔装置设计的科学性和可行性。通过实验室试验及井下试验得出,锚固孔孔底倒楔形锚固,锚杆的锚固性能至少提高1倍以上,为松软煤层巷道锚杆支护的应用奠定了基础。