生化需氧量质控样品的测定方法研究

生化需氧量是在规定条件下,微生物分解存在水中的某些可氧化物质,特别是有机物所进行的生物化学过程中消耗溶解氧的量。生化需氧量质控样品的测定是检验一个化验员合格与否的重要依据,对于验证环境监测结果的准确性、精密性起着关键作用。而质控样品的测定与日常污水样品的测定是两个不同的概念,为了使初学者对质控样品的测定有一个直观的了解,详细叙述了质控样品的测定全过程。通过大量实验数据的采集,从实际出发证明该方法可靠有效。     

基于多因素灰色预测模型的生活污水量预测研究

生活污水作为城市水环境的主要污染源,进行生活污水排放量的预测是十分必要的.污水排放量预测方法有多种,不同的方法有各自不同的特点.为提高预测精度,采用灰色预测与多元线性回归相结合的方法,综合各种因素建立多因素灰色预测模型.并以人口和人均纯收入作为影响因素,将该模型应用于苏州横泾街道生活污水排放量的趋势预测中.结果表明：该模型能反映系统的实际情况,建模精度高,平均相对误差只有0.069 8％,值得在污水排放预测中推广应用.     

哈尔滨市AQI与空气污染物的相关分析研究

空气质量问题已成为民众关注的热点问题.选取哈尔滨市2014年-2015年AQI日报数据,分别分析了供暖期和非供暖期PM2.5、PM10、CO、SO2、NO2、O3六种主要空气污染物与AQI的相关性,结果表明,AQI与6个主要污染物间呈显著性相关.同时建立了供暖期和非供暖期AQI与主要空气污染物的多元线性回归模型,结果表明,CO对AQI起着主要作用.因此,提高供暖过程中煤炭燃烧效率,可有效削减空气中CO的浓度,对于改善空气质量起着至关重要的作用.     

生物膜贴壁培养小球藻净化猪粪沼液废水的效果

微藻处理猪粪沼液废水是一项污水资源化生物技术.本文以小球藻为研究对象,通过贴壁培养方式,对稀释不同倍数的猪粪沼液废水进行净化处理同时提取藻细胞油脂,旨在探究小球藻贴壁培养处理猪粪沼液废水的效果,分析小球藻耐受猪粪沼液废水的氨氮浓度.将猪粪沼液废水分别稀释1倍(原水)、2倍、5倍、10倍制成培养基.测定贴壁培养小球藻对各处理组猪粪沼液废水中COD、氨氮、总氮、总磷的去除效率及对重金属铜、锌、铁的富集效果,同时探究小球藻的油脂合成情况.结果表明,当猪粪沼液废水稀释5倍时,贴壁小球藻对COD、氨氮、总氮、总磷的净化效果最佳,其去除效率分别为:86.8%、94.1%、85.2%、84.3%;油脂含量高达32.7%;对重金属铜、锌、铁的去除效率分别为:72.9%、70.0%、73.0%;培养一个周期结束时生物产率达到4.21 g·(m~2·d)~(-1).该研究将微藻与难处理的猪粪沼液废水深度净化进行了有效的结合,为实现藻类生物燃料工艺生产及降低废水处理成本提供理论基础.     

旅游地农户生计资本评估与生计策略选择——以海螺沟景区为例

旅游地可持续发展需要重点关注当地居民生计的可持续。以海螺沟景区为案例地,基于可持续生计框架构建了适用的生计资本评估指标体系,量化识别了景区农户可持续的生计方式,明确了影响两类脆弱性农户生计策略选择的主要因素。结果表明：在研究区六种生计方式中,采用均衡兼收型和旅游主营型策略的农户其生计资本水平最高,而传统务农型和务工型农户生计资本水平最低。不同生计策略类型的农户在空间上集聚分布。缺乏金融资本是影响传统务农型和务工型农户选择均衡兼收型生计策略的主要因素,而物质资本和社会资本的缺乏则对他们选择旅游主营型生计策略有显著的影响。此外,海拔、距公路和核心景点的距离也对农户生计策略的选择有重要影响。     

COMPUTER-AIDED PLANNING FOR MULTIPLE-PURPOSE RESERVOIR OPERATING POLICIES1

ABSTRACT: Computer-aided planning (CAP) for multiple-purpose reservoir operations involves use of state-of-the-art simulation and optimization methods, color graphic displays, and interactive computing interfaces. These technologies were integrated into a coherent system that has user-friendly interfaces to help the process of communicating reservoir system operations, solicit planning participant preferences and valuation judgments, and provide understandable feedback of system performance. The CAP system was imbedded in a comprehensive public involvement program that paralleled the reservoir operating policy modeling process, as part of multipurpose reservoir operations planning on the Great Plains Reservoirs in Colorado. Experience with the approach indicates the involved publics can quickly learn of reservoir system limitations and opportunities, and can indeed participate in the operations planning process.     

Ambient Ultraviolet B Radiation and Prevalence of Infection by Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis in Two Amphibian Species

Abstract: Chytridiomycosis, the emerging disease caused by the chytrid fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) is responsible for declines and extirpations of amphibian populations worldwide. Environmental covariates modify the host‐Bd interaction and thus affect the ongoing spread of the pathogen. One such covariate may be the intensity of ultraviolet B (UV‐B) radiation. In a field experiment conducted in Laguna Grande de Peñalara (central Spain), a mountainous region where the presence of Bd has been documented since 1997, we analyzed the potential effect of environmental UV‐B (daily maximum 2.5–3.9 W/m²) on the susceptibility of larvae of the common toad (Bufo bufo) to Bd. The proportion of infected individuals increased as tadpoles developed. The prevalence of Bd was significantly lower in tadpoles exposed to environmental UV‐B intensities (2.94%) than in tadpoles not exposed to the radiation (9.72%). This finding mirrors that seen for a second amphibian species, the European midwife toad (Alytes obstetricans), for which conditional prevalence (i.e., prevalence of infection conditioned on the probability of a site being infected) across the Iberian Peninsula was inversely correlated with the intensity of UV‐B.     

Evaluation of suitable tiger habitat in Chandoli National Park,India, using spatial modelling of environmental variables

Application of remote sensing and Geographic Information System (GIS) as a tool has assumed an immense significance in habitat suitability modelling for various wildlife species and now a days these are widely used in conservation biology and wildlife management.