城市道路二次扬尘中PM_(10)浓度量化模型实验研究

机动车行驶条件、路况与道路二次扬尘中PM10浓度有密切的关系。通过对它们设计正交试验和多元回归统计分析,得到PM10浓度计量模型:ρ=0.0314W0.8248v0.537q0.7021M0.357,该方程具有99%的置信度,且拟合的较好。经回归系数显著性检验,自变量对因变量的影响均极为显著,其显著性大小依次为:道路路面粉尘负荷、机动车车型、车速和车流量。最后采用实测值与模型计算值间的均方差对模型进行验证,结果表明该模型具有较高的可信度。     

川中浅丘农区坡地林农复合系统作物复种方式的综合效益评价

从能量转换效益、价值转换效益方面，对坡地林农复会系统１０种农作物复种方式进行了研究，并用层次分析法（ＡＨＰ）对各复种方式进行综合效益评价。结果表明，１０种复种方式中，小麦一花生的综合效益最高，５种复种方式较高，其余则较低。据此，提出了系列改进措施，供生产中应用。     

火焰原子吸收光谱法测定大气降尘中的几种重金属

本文介绍了大气降尘中铜、铅、锌、镉、铁、锰、镍、钴八种重金属的分析方法，以及共存离子对上述重金属测试时的干扰及其抑制干扰的方法。并提出了表示大气降尘中重金属量的三种浓度概念即容量浓度、重量浓度及降金属量的不同物理意义。     

江苏沿江经济区多元多熟种植方式及效益评价

在江苏沿江经济区设置了２３种多元多熟种植方式进行定位对比试验，从增粮、增收和省工３个方面进行了综合评价。结果表明，稻田以“春玉米－水稻”为基础，旱地以春玉米为中心的粮饲经菜４元结构的省工型种植方式是本区集约高效持续种植制度的发展方向。     

Comparisons between air-transport models via bootstrapped significance tests

The bootstrap resampling method is used to help with the intercomparison of air transport models. Time-by-time analysis of variance and follow up simultaneous comparisons are proposed which do not rely on distributional assumptions for the predictions of the models and which allow errors to be postulated in the observed values of the phenomena under investigation. The techniques are demonstrated using some data from the APSIS experiment.     

污水排海工程设计的初步研究

本文结合我国国情根据混合区边缘污染物背景值以及海域功能，从而确定允许的污染物最大增加值，并具此推算出扩散器长度和起始稀释度。     

Multivariate Statistics of the Pyrolysis Products of High Molecular Components in Pulping Wastewaters to Explain Their Toxicity (6 pp)

Background, Aim and Scope At present, large-scale paper manufacture involves delignification and bleaching by elemental chlorine free (ECF) or totally chlorine free (TCF) processes. The wastewater is purified by secondary treatment (mechanical, chemical and biological) which removes most of the toxic substances from the discharge. However, we found residual toxicity in the high molecular (> 1000 D) matter (HMWM) of the discharge by test of the RET (reverse electronic transfer) inhibition. This fraction consists mainly of polydisperse lignin (LIG) and carbohydrate (CH) macromolecules. Structural units in these molecules are studied by pyrolysis gas chromatography / mass spectrometry (Pyr-GC/MS). In the present work, our aim was to find out those structural units which could explain the RET toxicity of LIG or CH molecules. We compared statistically RET toxicity values of the HMWM samples from treated wastewaters of pilot pulping experiments and intensity variation of the pyrolysis product gas chromatograms of these samples. This application is a novel study procedure. Methods Pyrolysis products (Py-GC/MS results) and inhibition of RET (reverse electronic transport toxicity) as TU50 and TU20 of HMWM (High Molecular Weight Material; Mw > 1000 D) were compared by multivariate statistics. The samples were from laboratory pilot stages of TCF (Totally Chlorine Free) and ECF (Elemental Chlorine Free) manufacture of softwood pulp. Py-GC/MS was done without and with addition of TMAH (Tetra Methyl Ammonium Hydroxide). The name and structure of each abundant fragment compound was identified from its retention time and mass spectrum compared to authentic reference compounds or literature. Four sets of Toxicity Units (TUs) and GC peak areas of the pyrolysis fragments were obtained. The data were normalized by division with LIG (lignin content of each sample). TU values were dependent and the fragment values independent (explanatory) variables in statistical treatments by SPSS system. Separate analyses of correlations, principal components (PCA) and stepwise multiple linear regression (SMLR) were performed from the four sample sets TCF and ECF with and without TMAH. Results and Discussion From the CH fragments, 2-furfural in TCF, and from the LIG fragments, styrene in ECF showed the highest probabilities to originate from source structures of toxicity. Other possible compounds in concern were indicated to be CH fragment 2-methyl-2-cyclopenten-1-one in ECF and LIG fragments 2-methoxy-4-methylphenol, 4,5-dimethoxy-2-methylphenol and 2-methylphenol in TCF.     

Using Temporal Coherence to Determine the Response to Climate Change in Boreal Shield Lakes

Climate change is expected to have important impacts on aquatic ecosystems. On the Boreal Shield, mean annual air temperatures are expected to increase 2 to 4°C over the next 50 years. An important challenge is to predict how changes in climate and climate variability will impact natural systems so that sustainable management policies can be implemented. To predict responses to complex ecosystem changes associated with climate change, we used long-term biotic databases to evaluate how important elements of the biota in Boreal Shield lakes have responded to past fluctuations in climate. Our long-term records span a two decade period where there have been unusually cold years and unusually warm years. We used coherence analyses to test for regionally operating controls on climate, water temperature, pH, and plankton richness and abundance in three regions across Ontario: the Experimental Lakes Area, Sudbury, and Dorset. Inter-annual variation in air temperature was similar among regions, but there was a weak relationship among regions for precipitation. While air temperature was closely related to lake surface temperatures in each of the regions, there were weak relationships between lake surface temperature and richness or abundance of the plankton. However, inter-annual changes in lake chemistry (i.e., pH) were correlated with some biotic variables. In some lakes in Sudbury and Dorset, pH was dependent on extreme events. For example, El Nino related droughts resulted in acidification pulses in some lakes that influenced phytoplankton and zooplankton richness. These results suggest that there can be strong heterogeneity in lake ecosystem responses within and across regions.     

13C同位素稀释法测定国产多氯联苯的2,3,7,8－TCDD毒性当量

应用质量控制方法测定了２种国产商品多氯联苯中１７个，２，３，７，８位有氯取代的二ｅｙｉｎｇ同族体，获得准确的定量结果，加入＾１３Ｃ标记物的ＰＣＢｓ样品用多级酸碱硅胶柱和氧化铝柱提取分离，用毛细管色谱／高分辨质谱定量，２种样品中都含有较多的２，３，７，８－ＴＣＤＦ和２，３，７，８Ｐ５ＣＤＦ，１＾＃ＰＣＢ的２，３，７，８－ＴＣＤＤ毒性当量值为２１７ｎｇ／ｇ，２＾＃ＰＣＢ为４１７ｎｇ／ｇ，毒性主要来自Ｐ     

兖州矿区开采塌陷土地复垦与综合利用研究

兖州煤田地处村庄稠密、土地肥沃的鲁西南平原，是高潜水位矿区，“三下”压煤严重，厚煤层综放高强度开采，采煤塌陷对地表的破坏影响极大。塌陷地在雨季水深面广，一片汪洋；冬春季水浅面积小，土地荒芜。随着开采强度的进一步提高，土地塌陷将越来越严重，农民将逐渐失去赖以生存的土地，土地复垦已势在必行。本文针对兖州矿区的具体地质采矿条件提出了塌陷土地复垦与综合利用对策。