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41.
从污水处理厂活性污泥中筛选得到一株多溴联苯醚好氧降解菌,命名为GH10.根据菌株形态特征、生理生化特性、16S rDNA基因序列及系统发育树分析,鉴定为长野雷夫松氏菌(Leifsonia shinshuensis).该菌能够利用十溴联苯醚作为唯一碳源生长,它对十溴联苯醚的降解率用HPLC法测定.十溴联苯醚质量浓度为10~50 mg/L时,降解效果较好,在十溴联苯醚初始质量浓度为50 mg/L、温度为30℃、摇床转速为150 r/min的条件下避光培养5d,菌株GH10对十溴联苯醚的降解率可达到59.24%.降解十溴联苯醚的最适条件为温度30℃,pH值7.0,接种量10%,相同条件下添加外加碳源葡萄糖可提高其降解率到90.08%.通过对十溴联苯醚降解动力学的模拟发现,添加外加碳源葡萄糖可以将十溴联苯醚的半衰期从3.91 d缩短至1.45 d.  相似文献   
42.
采用PDA、NA以及高氏一号培养基,分别从毛白杨、绦柳、荻以及二穗短柄草植株内分离、纯化出37株内生菌,其中34株为细菌,3株为放线菌.以分离纯化得到菌株各自对应的营养培养基并添加不同浓度的污染物对获得的37株内生菌进行污染物的耐受筛选,发现24株分别对20 mg·L-1的aroclor1254和BDE209具有一定的耐受性.利用无机盐培养基并添加污染物作为微生物唯一碳源筛选,发现菌株CPY-4和菌株SGL-1可以在只提供4-BDE的无机盐培养基中存活,菌株CPY-4,SGL-1、菌株4、菌株13可以在提供BDE209和aroclor1254的无机盐培养基中存活.形态学观察和16Sr DNA序列同源性分析,初步确定菌株SGL-1为克雷伯氏菌属,菌株CPY-4为地衣芽胞杆菌,菌株4和菌株13为肠杆菌属.  相似文献   
43.
采用冷凝-催化燃烧法处理乙烯厂富含水蒸气的恶臭废气,冷凝过程能够有效地脱除废气中的水蒸气、联苯和联苯醚,催化燃烧过程能够有效地脱除不凝气中的烃类化合物.催化燃烧反应器内装填Pr、Pd、Ce多组分蜂窝状催化剂,在床层空速为15900~40000h-4、反应器入口气温度为30~350℃的条件下,反应器入口气中总烃的体积分数为64.9×10-6~691.0×10-6时,出口总烃的体积分数可降至5.2×10-6~20.0×10-6,总烃的去除率为90%以上,处理后的气体符合国家排放标准.  相似文献   
44.
才满  李艳玲  杜克久 《化工环保》2014,35(3):219-223
介绍了溴代阻燃剂十溴联苯醚(BDE-209)环境修复技术的研究进展。从光降解、零价铁降解、生物降解3个方面对BDE-209的降解机理和降解后的产物进行了介绍。BDE-209经光照、厌氧微生物、零价铁的脱溴作用后,降解成低溴代联苯醚产物;好氧微生物利用低溴代联苯醚作为生长碳源,将其在酶的作用下开环降解,进入三羧酸循环或彻底分解成CO2和H2O。提出应采用多种方法协同作用,更有效地降解多溴联苯醚化合物。  相似文献   
45.
The concentrations of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) were determined in breast milk from women living in the vicinity of a hazardous waste incinerator (HWI) in Catalonia, Spain. The results were compared with the levels obtained in previous surveys carried out in the same area in 1998 (baseline study), 2002 and 2007. The current total concentrations of 2,3,7,8-chlorinated PCDD/Fs in breast milk ranged from 18 to 126 pg g−1 fat (1.1–12.3 pg WHO2005-TEQPCDD/F), while the total levels of PCBs ranged from 27 to 405 pg g−1 fat (0.7–5.3 pg WHO2005-TEQPCB). In turn, PBDE concentrations (sum of 15 congeners) ranged 0.3–5.1 g g−1 fat, with a mean value of 1.3 ng g−1 fat. A general decrease in the concentrations for PCDD/Fs, both planar and total PCBs, and PBDEs in breast milk was observed. The levels of PCDD/Fs, PCBs, and PBDEs in milk of women living in urban zones were higher than those corresponding to industrial zones (41%, 26%, and 8%, respectively). For PCDD/Fs and PCBs, the current decreases are in accordance with the reduction in the dietary intake of these pollutants that we have also observed in recent studies carried out in the same area of study.  相似文献   
46.
No scientific data is available on emerging contaminants including Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers (PBDEs) and Dechloran Plus (DP) levels in the environment in Pakistan. Levels of PBDEs and DP were determined in the soil, sediment and atmospheric samples along the stretch of River Ravi in Punjab Province. Average concentrations of ΣPBDEs in atmosphere, soils and sediments were 36 pg m−3, 40 ng g−1 and 640 ng g−1. BDE-209 was the most abundant PBDE congener, showing that deca-BDE accounts for most of the total PBDE emitted in the environment of Pakistan. Total DP levels were calculated as 88 pg m−3, 0.8 ng g−1 and 1.9 ng g−1 in air, soil and sediment samples, respectively. The lower average fractions of anti-DP showed significant differences to those of the technical mixtures, indicating the lack of DP production source in Pakistan.  相似文献   
47.
以4,4′-二溴联苯醚(BDE-15)为研究对象,探讨了电极电压、初始土壤pH、β-环糊精加入量、NaCl加入量等工艺条件对多溴联苯醚在土壤中迁移效果的影响。实验结果表明:在电极电压为5~15V范围内,随着电极电压的升高,土壤中BDE-15的迁移效果增强;初始土壤为酸性时、加入β-环糊精或NaCl后,土壤中BDE-15的迁移效果均增强。本实验选择的最佳工作条件为:电极电压15V,初始土壤pH3,β-环糊精的加入量3g,NaCl加入量5g。  相似文献   
48.
Wang S  Hao C  Gao Z  Chen J  Qiu J 《Chemosphere》2012,88(1):33-38
This study presents new insight into the photochemical degradation of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), and it provides details about the structures and properties of 27 PBDE congeners in the electronically excited state using the time-dependent density functional theory method. Each PBDE congener exhibited remarkably different geometries in the ground state and the excited state. The significant lengthening of C-Br bond in each PBDE congener was observed in the excited state for the first time by theoretical calculation, which is directly involved in the photochemistry reductive debromination of n-BDE to (n−1)-BDE. Generally, the lengthening of C-Br bonds cannot occur at the para position. Furthermore, the calculated results demonstrated that the photoreactivity of PBDEs increased with an increase of bromination degree. It was also found that the pattern of Br substituents had an effect upon the photoreactivity of PBDEs. These findings suggest that the information obtained in the excited state is crucial to the mechanism explanation of the photochemical degradation of PBDEs.  相似文献   
49.
50.
Commercial octabromodiphenyl ether mixtures, containing hexabromodiphenyl ethers and heptabromodiphenyl ethers were listed in Annex A of the Stockholm Convention on May 2009 (Fourth Conference of the Parties) (UNEP, 2009a). Four compounds are specifically mentioned: 2,2′,4,4′,5,5′-hexabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-153), 2,2′,4,4′,5,6′-hexabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-154), 2,2′,3,3′,4,5′,6-heptabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-175), and 2,2′,3,4,4′,5′,6-heptabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-183). Presumably they were identified as key components of commercial mixtures and found to be present in environmental samples. However, since BDE-175 and BDE-183 co-elute on common HRGC columns, the presence of BDE-175 as an important component in technical octa-BDE mixtures has not been illustrated. The successful HRGC/LRMS separation of a 1:1 mixture of BDE-175 and BDE-183, as well as 1H NMR analysis of technical material, has allowed us to confirm that this congener is not present in technical products (e.g. Great Lakes DE-79™) in quantifiable amounts.  相似文献   
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