Crown condition surveys in Italian forests: issues in reporting findings

This study examines defoliation and discoloration findings collected throughout the Italian Level I network between 1997 and 2000. Prior to this period no Quality Assurance procedures had been implemented, so that earlier findings cannot be considered reliable. The aim of the study is to compare differentindices used in reporting findings, in order to determine the full potential and limitations of each. In international surveys,findings are normally expressed in terms of individual trees presenting a defoliation level greater than 2 %; this criterion,however, has been challenged since it is not based on scientificevidence. By analysing the distribution of defoliation values(grouped in 5% classes) relating to the main species (Fagus sylvatica, Quercus pubescens, Quercus cerris, Picea abies), the study examines the behaviour of statistical indices such as the median, the mode and the mean. Instead of using the traditional 25% threshold to determine the part of the population with the highest defoliation values, a procedureis suggested whereby a different threshold can be determined foreach species. It is established based on the 90° percentile of cumulative defoliation values recorded over the four-year period. Each index used to report findings possessesits own information potential, and the findings may at times appear contradictory. The use of a combined defoliation and discoloration index (Ilce = Lacking Crown Equivalent Index) is also proposed, but the results obtained do not differin substance from the results relating to defoliation alone. Thefunctional limitations of this index are due mainly to the way the data are collected: for this reason suggestions are made onhow to improve the procedure in future surveys.     

磁性膨胀石墨对甲基橙模拟废水的吸附脱色

膨胀石墨对甲基橙有极强的吸附脱色效果,但因其具有高分散、质轻等特点,在水体环境中存在难回收的问题,使其应用受到限制。为了增强膨胀石墨的可回收性,对磁性膨胀石墨的制备进行了研究,并考察其对甲基橙的吸附脱色效果,探讨了影响因素。利用SEM、XRD和磁滞回线对其微观形貌和磁性能进行了表征。结果表明,脱色率随着温度的升高而增大;对甲基橙的吸附符合Langmuir吸附等温式;最佳制备条件下,磁性纳米粒子在膨胀石墨表面负载效果良好,其饱和磁化强度为58.87 emu/g,在外加磁场下可被快速回收。     

基于新型陶粒催化剂的H_2O_2/O_3多相催化氧化体系降解刚果红的研究

用自制陶粒催化剂与臭氧(O_3)、双氧水(H_2O_2)构建多相催化氧化体系降解水中的刚果红。采用电镜扫描、能谱分析与红外光谱等表征了陶粒催化剂,考察了反应时间、O_3浓度、H_2O_2投加量等因素下多相催化氧化体系对刚果红色度和COD去除率。结果表明:自制的陶粒催化剂表面较为粗糙,比表面积较大,反应后的陶粒催化剂表面较为平滑,比表面积较反应前减少;自制陶粒催化剂对H_2O_2催化能力差,但对O_3、H_2O_2/O_3具有较好的催化效果。当O_3浓度在1.2~3.8 mg/L时,陶粒/H_2O_2/O_3体系较O_3、H_2O_2/O_3对刚果红(100 mg/L)的脱色率分别平均提高了11.72%、15.32%,COD去除率分别提高了16.37%、24.29%,将陶粒引入O_3、H_2O_2/O_3体系中可减少O_3和H_2O_2的用量,提高体系的氧化性能,降低运行成本。     

亚甲蓝褪色反应测定水中痕量锰

本文提出和建立了一个新的催化动力学测定痕量锰的方法。它是基于在醋酸-醋酸钠介质中,锰对高碘酸钾氧化亚甲蓝褪色反应所具有的催化效应。在最佳条件下,用固定时间法,可测5—80ng/27ml范围内的锰。应用于水样测定,获得满意结果