城市污水除磷脱氮处理工艺概况

简单介绍Ａ／Ｏ、Ａ＾２／Ｏ、ＳＢＲ、化学法等几种常城城市污水脱除氮磷工艺，概述了它们的工艺特征、工艺的优点及适用条件，并对Ａ＾２／Ｏ处理工艺提出了增设供泥沉淀池的改进意见。     

淄博市污水处理厂污泥中有机污染物赋存特征分析及生态风险评价

采用气相色谱质谱法对淄博市16家代表性污水处理厂污泥中有机污染物的赋存状况进行了分析研究,并运用风险商值(RQ)法对污泥中多环芳烃(PAHs)的生态风险进行了评价。结果表明,淄博市污水处理厂污泥中有机污染物的含量为1.35~35.89 mg/kg,平均值为11.48 mg/kg,不同有机污染物百分含量排序为邻苯二甲酸酯>苯酚类>卤代烃类>PAHs>硝基苯类>胺类>氯苯类>苯系物>硝基酚类=氯酚类>醚类。与其他地区相比,淄博市污水处理厂污泥中各类有机污染物的含量总体处于中低水平。此外,同一区县内的不同污水处理厂污泥中的有机污染物含量相近、种类及分布特征相似,不同区县间的有机污染物含量差异显著。风险评价结果显示,除极少数污水处理厂污泥中的萘、苊、芴、芘、苯并[b]荧蒽、总PAHs(∑PAHs)处于高风险水平外,淄博市污水处理厂污泥中的PAHs单体、∑PAHs总体处于中低风险水平。     

稠油及超稠油污水达标外排处理工艺研究

稠油及超稠油污水具有黏度大、油水密度差小、乳化严重、水温高、水质水量变化大、成分复杂等特点,该废水的B/C小于0.3,属于难生物降解污水.通过试验表明,采用预处理工艺先除油、除悬浮物,再进行生物处理工艺去除可生化降解COD,最后经过深度处理工艺去除残余的难生化降解COD,可保证处理后水质全面达标.     

颗粒活性炭诱导亚硝化污泥快速颗粒化

采用两组平行SBR反应器,R1反应器投加颗粒活性炭,R2反应器不投加,其他运行参数保持一致.在常规生活污水中投加氨氮作为进水,研究颗粒活性炭对亚硝化颗粒污泥形成的影响.结果表明,在颗粒形成初期,投加的颗粒活性炭作为初始晶核,节约了小颗粒的形成时间,R1反应器仅22d便实现污泥颗粒化,而R2反应器运行38d才形成颗粒;同时,在整个运行阶段,R1反应器中的胞外聚合物(EPS)含量,尤其是其中的蛋白质(protein, PN)含量,明显高于R2反应器的,进一步证实颗粒活性炭的投加有利于亚硝化颗粒污泥的快速形成.除此之外,R1反应器中的氨氧化率和亚硝化率相对较高,且波动幅度小,表明颗粒活性炭的投加有助于维持亚硝化颗粒污泥处理效果的稳定性.     

The transformation of PAHs in the sewage sludge incineration treatment

The release of pollutants from sewage sludge in the treatment process is a worldwide tricky problem in the field of sludge treatment. In this paper, the release and reaction between monomers of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the sewage sludge incineration treatment were studied based on simulated experiments. The result indicates that the transformation may occurre between monomers of PAHs during their release in the treatment. Over 90% of total PAHs in sewage sludge are released at the the temperature of 300°C–750°C. The possible transformation of Naphthalene to indeno(1, 2, 3-cd)pyrene was related to the temperature of the treatment system. Here, we showed that the output rate of transformation reactions for indeno(1, 2, 3-cd)pyrene is 94% at 300°C. These findings, by identifying corresponding treatment conditions as well as techniques, can help to understand the reactions and control real outputs of PAHs in the treatment process.     

The time process of post‐earthquake recovery: the Yao'an earthquake in China

Post‐disaster recovery is a constantly changing and developing process. The authors conducted three real‐name follow‐up surveys at 1, 12 and 18 months after the Yao'an earthquake, which had a surface wave magnitude of 6.0. They also calculated recovery ratios at different times and drew post‐earthquake domestic life recovery curves. Based on the recovery curves, the time trajectory of domestic life recovery takes on an approximate S‐type development and change process. The recovery time process of domestic life can be divided into four periods: emergency period (weeks 0–2(5)), early recovery period (weeks 2(5)–24), rapid recovery period (weeks 24–34) and late recovery period (weeks 34–60(80)).     

Evaluation of endocrine disruption and dioxin-like effects of organic extracts from sewage sludge in autumn in Beijing,China

Study on effective disposal and utilization of sewage sludge has recently been the target of growing interest in China. However, potential risks are associated with the use of sludge due to its contamination with toxic organics, heavy metals and pathogenic microorganisms. In this study, a screening assessment was conducted on sewage sludge samples collected from 17 different sewage treatment plants in Beijing, based on a batch of in vitro bioassays, including a set of recombinant gene yeast assays for endocrine disruption, and an ethoxy resorufin-O- deethylase （EROD） assay using H4IIE cells for aryl hydrocarbon receptor （Ah-R） agonistic activities. Our results suggested that moderate levels of estrogen receptor agonistic activities （0.9 ng E2. g-1 to 6.8 ng E2. gl, dw）, but relative higher androgen receptor antagonistic activ- ities （nd to 45%）, progestin receptor antagonistic activities （nd to 80%） and Ah-R agonistic activities （1390 to 6740 pg 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin （TCDD）·g-1, dw） were found in sewage sludge samples. However, there were no significant correlations between the toxic effects of sewage sludge and the sewage treatment processes. In addition, the 17β-estradiol （E2） equivalent quantity （EEQ） level of the sewage sludge was increased after the composting treatment, whereas the 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodi- benzo-p-dioxin toxic equivalent quantity （TEQ） level of sewagesludge composted was much lower than that of sewage sludge.     

一种洗车废水净化回用新技术及应用

设计一种以专利技术污水净化器为核心用于洗车废水净化回用的小型一体化技术工艺,并详细介绍了其工艺流程、设备构造和处理方法。通过工程实例表明:该工艺处理效果良好,出水水质优于GB/T 18920—2002《城市污水再生利用城市杂用水水质》;而且占地面积小,节省投资,运行管理方便,经济效益和社会效益明显,具有广阔的应用前景。     

南方农村生活污水处理目标及工艺模式探讨

调研了南方城郊某区氮磷污染源,发现:由农村生活污水排放的氮与磷,分别为种植业的11.4%和11.1%,分别为养殖业和种植业之和的0.44%与0.55%.近年来,农村生活污水处理已初步形成了有别于城市的工艺模式,称之为分散处理技术.通过调研与运行研究,发现:分散处理技术各工艺模式,COD出水均低于60mg/L,其中有好氧段的工艺,运行效果更为稳定;但分散处理技术各工艺模式,均难以实现脱氮除磷目标,出水TN和TP最高为28mg/L和1.8mg/L.由此提出:广大农村生活污水处理,应以消除污水排放对水体产生的黑臭问题为目标,而没有必要、也难以实现污水的脱氮除磷处理目标.     

生物沥浸去除污泥重金属及改善脱水性能研究

从天然矿山酸性废水中富集制备了3种嗜酸性细菌混培物,开展了污泥生物沥浸实验,研究了沥浸去除污泥重金属(Cu、Zn、Cd)同时改善脱水性能的效果.结果表明,3种嗜酸性细菌混培物均可有效去除污泥中的重金属(P<0.01).沥浸12d后,改进型Starkey培养基富集的嗜酸性细菌混培物对Cu和Cd的去除率分别达到82.0%和82.9%,9K培养基富集的嗜酸性细菌混培物进行生物沥浸处理对Zn的去除率可达到87.5%.同时,生物沥浸还可以显著改善污泥的脱水性能(P<0.01).经过12d沥浸,污泥的离心脱水率可由73.1%上升到90.0%.显微观察和能谱分析结果显示,污泥脱水性能的改善是因为生物沥浸能使污泥结构由絮体状变成明显的颗粒状,并可形成以铁、氧和硫为主要元素组成的次生矿物规则晶体.