火工品温湿度双应力加速寿命试验方法研究

目的 获取火工品温湿度加速系数,建立温湿度双因素加速寿命试验方法。方法 通过设计3种火工品不同温湿度加速条件下的加速寿命试验,定期取样进行性能测试,利用获取的性能数据和选定的温湿度加速模型,计算3种火工品的温湿度加速系数和湿度项反应速率常数,确定温湿度加速模型公式。结果 获取了3种火工品的温湿度加速系数和湿度项模型参数,初步建立了火工品温湿度双因素加速寿命试验方法,并对下一步研究方向进行了展望。结论 建立的火工品温湿度双因素加速寿命试验方法可由高温高湿加速试验时间外推常温常湿贮存时间,适用于自身密封性差或密封失效,且贮存环境湿度大的火工品的寿命预测。     

Enhanced removal of I− on hierarchically structured layered double hydroxides by in suit growth of Cu/Cu2O

To further improve the removal ability of layered double hydroxide(LDH) for iodide(I~-) anions from wastewater, we prepared hierarchically porous Cu_5Mg_(10)Al_5-LDH and used as a matrix for in suit growth of Cu/Cu_2O on its surface, forming Cu/Cu_2O-LDH, which was characterized and applied as an adsorbent.Results displayed high I~-saturation uptake capability(137.8 mg/g) of Cu/Cu_2O-LDH compared with Cu_5Mg_(10)Al_5-LDH(26.4 mg/g) even thermal activated LDH(76.1 mg/g).Thermodynamic analysis showed that the reaction between I~-anions and Cu/Cu_2O-LDH is a spontaneous and exothermic.Uptake kinetics analysis exhibited that adsorption equilibrium can be reached after 265 min.Additionally, the adsorbent showed satisfactory selectivity in the presence of competitive anions(e.g., SO_4~(2-)), and could achieve good adsorption performance in a wide pH range of 3–8.A cooperative adsorption mechanism was proposed on the basis of the following two aspects:(1) ion exchange between iodide and interlayer anions;(2) the adsorption performance of Cu, Cu(Ⅱ) and Cu_2O for I~-.Meanwhile, the difference between the adsorption mechanism of Cu/Cu_2O-LDH, Cu_5Mg_(10)Al_5-LDH and Cu_5Mg_(10)Al_5-CLDH adsorbents was also elaborated and verified.     

垂直风向下双层高架桥理想街谷内空气环境的数值研究

城市街道中复杂的高架桥结构会影响街谷内污染物的扩散.本文利用CFD软件FLUENT,采用标准k-ε方程和组分输运方程,对含双层高架桥的理想街谷内空气流场和CO浓度场进行了数值模拟.结果表明,高架桥破坏了理想街谷内CO浓度分布的爬墙效应,自地面沿高度方向CO浓度逐渐减小,超过每层高架桥面后激增,而后再次降低.双层高架桥改变了污染面源位置和街谷内流场分布.当双层高架桥都处于街谷内部时,来流风垂直于街谷方向自左向右吹送,街谷内涡旋整体结构保持顺时针方向,高架桥附近出现小涡旋,使得CO在街谷内部循环,引起背风面和街谷内CO平均浓度的升高,高架桥的"盖子效应"显著,与无高架桥街谷相比,CO平均浓度升高39.5%.当双层高架的上层高架与街谷建筑顶部持平,下层高架桥位于街谷中部时,街谷内部产生4个较大涡旋,能够显著地提高街谷内地面和背风面CO扩散速率,高架桥的"盖子效应"被破坏;与无高架桥街谷相比,CO平均浓度仅升高8.7%,与双层高架桥都处于街谷内相比,CO平均浓度降低22.1%,为城市多层高架桥建设提供了参考依据.     

双波长分光光度法测定水中的钙

本文研究了均三溴偶氮胂(TBA)与钙的显色反应。结果表明,均三溴偶氮胂与钙在PH10.7的NH_4OH-NH_4Cl缓冲介质中形成1:2络合物,利用双波长分光光度法,以490nm为参比波长, 600nm为测定波长,测得ε490-600=3.1×10~4,钙量在0-30μg/25ml范围内符合比尔定律。本法用于自来水、河水、井水和锅炉水中钙的直接测定,结果满意。     

Monitoring degradation of poly(hydroxybutyrate) by fracture toughness measurements

The fracture behavior of poly(hydroxybutyrate) is described in terms of classical fracture mechanics. The fracture toughness (measured byG _c, the strain energy release rate, andK _c, the stress intensity factor) was monitored during physical aging and during chemical degradation with methylamine. A change in the measuredK _c value was found after degradation by methylamine which does not seem to be due solely to the measured thickness changes. The work lays the foundation for studies monitoring changes in fracture behavior during environmental degradation.Presented at the 4th International Workshop on Biodegradable Plastics and Polymers, October 11–14, 1995. Durham, New Hampshire.     

双层炉排锅炉如何正确操作

根据双层炉排锅炉的特点，从锅炉的安装、点火、燃烧的调节、调风、停炉和调火六个方面阐述了正确操作的方法。     

环境监测用多参数光纤化学传感技术研究

采用发光二极管、光导纤维和硅光电二级管检测器研制成可供环境水ｐＨ值和大气中ＳＯ２、ＮＨ３检测的光纤多参数传感系统．仪器对ｐＨ值的响应可低达００１ｐＨ，对水中ＮＨ４＋的检测限为２×１０－６ｍｏｌ／Ｌ，ＳＯ３２－的检测限为２×１０－４ｍｏｌ／Ｌ；仪器体积小，可用电池供电、便于野外监测，检测准确、稳定，成本低廉．     

平阳霉素三种成分诱发CHO-K1细胞株染色体畸变和姐妹染色单体交换的研究

本文报道平阳霉素(Pingyangmycin,PYM)的三种成分A_2、A_5和A_6诱发CHO-K1细胞染色体畸变和姐妹染色单体交换(SCEs)。处理后第一次分裂中期染色体型畸变占优势,其中有大量的染色体碎裂(Disintegration),在含染色体碎裂的细胞中三分之一伴随出现双微体(Double minutes,DMs)。细胞畸变的频率随处理浓度升高而增加。 处理后第二次分裂中期,细胞畸变的频率仍随处理试剂浓度增加而升高,SCEs频率随处理浓度升高而递增。 上述三种成分诱发染色休畸变的类型没有质的差异。     

襄十高速公路双联拱隧道安全施工方案探讨

使用计算机软件，通过对复杂地层双联拱隧道三导洞先墙后拱施工法的几种施工方案进行对比性模拟分析，简化了施工程序，达到了优化施工方案的目的。     

环境税的双赢效应

环境税是近几年来社会关注的焦点问题,在阐述环境税双赢效应产生的基础上,论证了环境税实施为有关国家带来的环境和非环境效益,并针对我国现行税制结构和污染收费情况,分析了我国出现双赢效应的局限与可能,进而给出创造中国式环境税双赢效应的建议。