巢湖航道疏浚工程中的环保措施

结合巢湖航道疏浚工程实例，分析了航道疏浚对环境影响及采取的措施。     

广州港出海航道疏浚对珠江口水质影响及预防措施

主要介绍了广州港出海航道疏浚情况及其对珠江口水质影响以及疏浚过程中采取一些预防措施。     

环境疏浚技术在星云湖的工程化应用

环境疏浚是近年国际上新兴的的环保工程技术，近年云南省的一些高原湖泊也陆续开展了污染底泥环境疏浚。以星云湖为例，介绍了湖泊环境疏浚工程的典型内容，并对其中工艺参数的确定、设备选择、精度控制、底泥处置及防二次污染等环境疏浚的核心技术作了分析。     

云南高原湖泊污染底泥环境疏浚工程设计要点问题探析

主要阐述了云南5个湖泊底泥环境疏浚与其它疏浚方式的区别以及与环境疏浚相关的技术参数,并指出在湖泊底泥环境疏浚工程设计及施工过程中应着重考虑的技术要点及措施,包括疏挖及输送方式的选择、疏浚设备类型的选择、疏浚区域的确定、挖泥厚度确定及精度要求、底泥处置及防渗处理、余水处理及排放等方面.     

竺山湾重金属污染底泥环保疏浚深度的推算

调查了太湖竺山湾表层底泥重金属水平空间分布特征,在重金属污染区域采集底泥柱状样,并将样品由上至下依次分为氧化层(A)、污染层(B)、污染过渡上层(C1)、污染过渡下层(C2)和正常湖泥层(D);测定并分析了各分层底泥中重金属(Cu、Zn、Cr、Ni、As、Cd、Hg、Pb)总量及生物可利用性形态含量随深度的变化趋势;利用潜在生态风险指数法对底泥中的重金属进行生态风险评估;最后,结合拐点法推算出底泥环保疏浚深度.结果表明,竺山湾表层底泥中Cr、Ni、Cu、Zn、As、Cd、Hg、Pb的含量分别为30.56～216.58、24.07～59.95、16.71～140.30、84.31～193.43、3.39～22.30、0.37～1.59、0.00～0.80和9.67～99.35 mg.kg-1,平均含量分别为79.74、37.74、44.83、122.39、10.39、0.77、0.14和40.08 mg.kg-1,主要分布在太湖西岸及太滆运河、殷村港和环山河入湖河口处,其中Cd污染相对严重;底泥中重金属存在累积效应,其生物可利用性随底泥深度的增大而减小;氧化层和污染层中Cd生态风险等级为高风险,其余各分层底泥中重金属的综合潜在生态风险等级为中低风险;环保疏浚层为氧化层和污染层,疏浚平均深度为0.39 m.     

Impacts of mussel dredging on sediment phosphorus dynamics in a eutrophic Danish fjord

Effects of mussel dredging on sediment metabolism (oxygen uptake and sulfate reduction rates) and phosphorus dynamics (flux across sediment-water interface and sequential extraction) were examined in Limfjorden (Denmark) during spring (May) and summer (August). Sediment samples were taken during mussel dredging and in addition an experimental simulation of the dredging was performed to investigate short-term changes in phosphorus (P) dynamics. Iron-bound P was reduced by up to 2/3 in the surface layer in the dredging track (from 31 to 8?mmol?P?m^?2), whereas the dissolved P-pools and less reactive particulate pools were not affected by dredging. Sediment oxygen consumption was enhanced immediately after dredging, but returned to the initial level after 4 days (20–40?mmol?m^?2?d^?1). The enhanced consumption was attributed to reoxidation of reduced compounds released during dredging. Sulfate reduction rates were high in the area (13–15?mmol?m^?2?d^?1) and sulfides competed with P for oxidized iron resulting in low iron-bound pools in the area (<4% of total P pools). Sulfate reduction rates were stimulated by the resuspension of sediments, especially in August, where a subsurface maximum was found, possibly due to a mixing of labile organic matter into these layers. In contrast sulfate reduction rates were reduced in the dredging track due to removal of labile organic matter from the surface layers. The loss of P during dredging was to some extent counteracted by regeneration of iron-bound P pools in the surface layers. The release of P due to mussel dredging was estimated to be in the same order of magnitude as the annual loading from the catchments and point sources to Limfjorden.     

微生物絮凝剂用于河道疏浚底泥快速脱水的研究

河道疏浚底泥含水率高、体积庞大,不便于储存、运输和资源化利用。首先需要对其进行减量化,使其快速脱水。通过筛选获得一株高效的微生物絮凝剂产生菌F22,通过试验获得其最佳培养条件:葡萄糖为碳源,酵母膏和尿素为氮源,培养时间为60h,培养温度为32℃。将F22菌株所产絮凝剂应用于底泥脱水,试验结果表明,当底泥泥浆(含水率为93%)体积为100mL时,絮凝体系最佳pH为8～10,助凝剂CaCl2最佳投加量为4～5mL,F22菌株发酵液最佳投加量为3mL;絮体在1min左右大部分沉降至底部,F22菌株所产絮凝剂能够使底泥快速脱水。F22菌株所产絮凝剂在絮凝过程中起作用的是糖类物质,其通过氢键结合力产生絮凝作用。     

城市河涌污染治理技术的研究进展

随着经济的高速发展,大量污染物排放于城市河涌,导致城市河涌受到严重的污染。采取有效的技术措施治理河涌污染势在必行。结合近年来国内外河涌治理的研究成果,综述了河涌治理的主要技术的原理、特点、存在的问题,并指出目前各项技术的研究重点。     

Small farm ponds: overlooked features with important impacts on watershed sediment transport

Despite their size, small farm ponds are important features in many landscapes. Yet hydrographical databases often fail to capture these ponds, and their impacts on watershed processes remain unclear. For a 230‐km² portion of central Texas, United States (U.S.), we created a historical inventory of ponds and quantified the accuracy of automated detection methods under varying drought conditions. In addition, we documented pond dredging/enlargement events and identified sites that had been abandoned. We also analyzed sediment cores from downstream reservoirs to track changes in watershed sediment transport. Over 75 years, pond densities increased more than 350% — to among the highest documented in the U.S. — and the ability of automated methods to detect these ponds was highly dependent on drought severity (R² = 0.96). Approximately 5% of ponds present in the 1950s were no longer present in 2012, while 33% were dredged between 1937 and 2012. Downstream reservoir sedimentation has decreased by an average of 55% as ponds have increased in number. These findings suggest that small ponds and the maintenance of trapping efficiency have large‐scale impacts on sediment dynamics. Accurately accounting for these storage effects is vital to water resource planning efforts.     

湖泊疏浚对沉积物再悬浮及磷迁移影响的模拟研究

选择太湖梅梁湾污染沉积物为研究对象,选取夏季和冬季两个典型季节,进行室内模拟试验研究了湖泊疏浚对沉积物再悬浮及磷迁移的影响.结果表明,研究区模拟疏浚20 cm能够有效地抑制沉积物发生再悬浮,冬季疏浚比夏季疏浚抑制效果更好,在扰动过程中夏季未疏浚对照和疏浚水柱总悬浮物(TSS)最大含量分别为初始值的7.0和2.2倍;而冬季未疏浚对照和疏浚水柱分别为24.3和6.4倍.统计分析发现,夏、冬两季模拟试验未疏浚对照和疏浚水柱中总磷(TP)、磷酸盐(PO34--P)含量都与TSS含量变化呈现显著正相关(P<0.05),表明风浪扰动造成大量沉积物再悬浮,并伴随内源磷的释放是水柱中TP和磷酸盐的主要来源.夏季模拟试验疏浚对水柱中TP和磷酸盐负荷控制效果略差,冬季模拟试验疏浚水柱中TP和磷酸盐含量都显著(P<0.01)低于未疏浚对照.利用薄膜扩散梯度(DGT)技术研究了夏季疏浚沉积物-水界面上间隙水中溶解态活性磷(DRP)垂向分布,未疏浚水土界面中间隙水DRP扩散层厚度大于疏浚样,但疏浚样间隙水DRP在水土界面的离子浓度势能大于未疏浚对照样,表明底泥疏浚可以有效地降低疏浚区间隙水中DRP潜在的释放风险,但水动力作用下短期内可能会导致疏浚间隙水中DRP释放.对于太湖这样的大型浅水湖泊,确定最佳的疏浚时令、疏浚深度及疏浚范围至关重要.