区域地下水污染预警：以巴伊盆地平原区为例

地下水污染预警是区域地下水污染防治的有效手段. 将地下水水质现状、地下水水质变化趋势和地下水污染风险三者耦合的地下水污染预警模型应用于巴里坤-伊吾盆地平原区,实现地下水水质状态预警和趋势预警相结合的区域尺度地下水污染预警研究. 采用基于综合权重的TOPSIS法进行地下水水质现状评价,通过计算得出的18眼原位地下水水质监测井的趋势度插值结果分析地下水水质变化趋势,利用迭置指数法将地下水脆弱性图、地下水污染荷载图和地下水功能价值图空间叠加得到地下水污染风险分布图. 结果表明,研究区地下水水质以良好和较好为主,且2011~2022年间呈稳定状态,地下水污染风险整体较低. 地下水污染预警级别整体较低,重警和巨警区分别占研究区总面积的16.4%和17.5%,主要分布在伊吾县的下马崖乡和巴里坤县的三塘湖镇北部、大红柳峡乡、大河镇,区域内出露的第四系沉积物以砂卵砾石为主,孔隙发育,透水性强,对污染物的截留和吸附能力较弱,工农业和生活产生的污染物易渗漏至地下水含水层,造成地下水水质较差和地下水污染风险较高,最终导致部分区域地下水污染预警级别高. 地下水污染预警研究为开展地下水污染修复提供重要的理论依据.     

区域生态环境预警的原理与方法

本文提出了以区域持续发展的能力作为区域生态环境预警的综合指标,进一步用承载力、稳定性、缓冲力、生产力和调控力作为衡量区域持续发展的能力。选取生态、环境和社会经济指标对区域生态环境质量进行评价,以及对经济发展的协调性和适应性进行分析,作出判断和预警,并讨论了区域生态环境预警的综合方法。     

Sirenomelia,the mermaid syndrome—detection in the first trimester

The sirenomelia sequence with fusion, rotation, hypotrophy or atrophy of the lower limbs in combination with severe urogenital and gastrointestinal malformations is a rare and usually lethal disorder. We present the case of a 28-year-old woman, who was referred to our department because of an intraabdominal cystic structure in the 9th week of gestation. Subsequent scans confirmed the diagnosis of a sirenomelia sequence with the fusion of the lower extremities without fusion of the bones according to Stocker I classification. The size of the intraabdominal cyst decreased during follow-up. After counseling, termination of pregnancy was induced. The postmortem X-ray confirmed the ultrasound diagnosis. The exact etiological mechanism of this malformation is still unknown. An early alteration of the embryological vascular network damaging the caudal mesoderm is thought to lead to arrested development of the lower limbs and other affected organs. The cyst we saw in the 9th week might fit with this theory, either as an expression of the complex malformation of the lower abdomen or as the sonographic appearance of necrosis. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Early amniocentesis: A clinical review

Early amniocentesis at less than 14 weeks gestation is becoming more common in prenatal diagnosis populations. Randomized studies are minimal and have not had the power to determine the accuracy and safety of the procedure compared to chorionic villus sampling or mid-trimester amniocentesis. Procedures at 11⁺⁰-12⁺⁶ weeks should be considered experimental. This clinical review considers the ethics, embryology, and clinical experience (cytogenetics, AFP, AChE, procedure and cytogenetic failures, spontaneous and therapeutic pregnancy losses, congenital anomalies) of early amniocentesis.     

海上采油平台安全预警机制管理

针对海上采油平台存在问题形式复杂多样性的特点，探索安全预警机制管理模式，以研究、补充安全管理中的不足，保障人员安全，保障安全生产，实现战略性的安全防范。     

Ultrasound diagnosis of the pena shokeir phenotype at 14 weeks of pregnancy

This report describes the early prenatal diagnosis of the Pena Shokeir phenotype in an at-risk patient at 14 weeks' gestation. The diagnosis was based on an abnormal fetal movement profile, in association with an abnormal position of the fetal limbs. Pena Shokeir phenotype describes an inherited condition characterized by arthrogryposis and dysmorphic features as a result of fetal akinesia. It is a lethal abnormality and early diagnosis allows safer surgical methods of termination.     

云南盐津5.1级地震的地震活动前兆异常特征分析研究

对盐津5.1级地震的地震活动性、前兆异常特征进行了分析研究,主要为地震预测预报积累经验,提供地震预报依据.分析研究盐津地震活动在时间、空间和强度等方面的规律,从理论上认识地震前的地震前兆变化、形态表现等明显的异常特征.     

大巴山区早古生代地层和石煤中硒的化学活动性的初步研究

通过对大巴山区主要分布的早古生代地层中的碎屑岩，碳酸盐岩和石煤的原岩，风化岩，原生土壤的硒含量及其相关关系分析，及对南秦岭早古生代地层和石煤中硒的化学活动性进行了研究。结果表明：其岩石和石煤中的硒在地层环境下有较大的活动性，不同类型岩石中硒淋失率和硒的淋失量不同，富硒而淋失率低但淋失量高的下寒武统鲁家坪组和早志留世大贵坪组的炭质板岩和石煤的分布区土壤（主要为当地岩石的风化残积物）的含硒量可达10mg/kg，甚至更高，是大巴山的富硒带和硒中毒带，含硒低而且淋失率高的志留系砂岩和粉砂岩以及寒武系统砾屑灰岩分布区是大巴山区的低硒带。     

煤矿矸石山自燃监测预警系统的开发

研究的矸石山自燃监测预警系统由数据采集系统、无线数据传输系统和监测预警系统构成,可以通过对矸石温度的在线监测,依据温度场特征预测矸石的自燃趋势,判断自燃区域位置,有实用、先进、简单易行、便于维护的特点,具有较高的应用价值。     

海底重燃油对海胆繁殖及其子代发育的影响

利用室内流水式粘油砾石柱模拟实际环境中的海底重燃油,研究了重燃油污染的孔隙水对成年海胆繁殖力、配子质量及子代胚胎发育的影响.结果表明,暴露结束后（7d）,暴露组海胆的排配子率显著降低（P=0.033）,同时雌海胆繁殖力也显著降低（P=0.036,（1957917±811471）个卵细胞）;卵细胞的直径和精子的受精能力并未受到海底重燃油的影响.子代继续暴露48h,发现亲代暴露加剧了子代胚胎畸形程度,表明亲代暴露的毒性可传递给子代.进一步利用整合毒性指数（ITI）检测毒性传递的性别差异发现,与母本效应相比（24和48h子代的ITI分别为0.54~1.45和1.1~2.57）,父本效应（24和48h子代的ITI分别为0.82~1.95和1.89~4.04）在毒性传递过程中起着关键作用.