Energy management in hybrid electric vehicles using optimized radial basis function neural network

This paper deals with energy management in hybrid electric vehicles. Use of radial basis function neural network (RBFNN) for the problem of energy management gains importance in the present decade. Use of genetic algorithm (GA) and particle swarm optimization (PSO) as optimization algorithms for parameter estimation is also well known. However, none of the researchers in the area tried to use GA and PSO as training algorithms for the problem. Hence in this paper, we propose two novel methods, based on RBFNN. The difference between RBFNN-based approaches in the literature and those used in this paper is the use of GA and PSO (i.e. optimising algorithms) as training algorithm to train RBFNNs. Interestingly, it is seen that the proposed approaches of this paper outperform RBFNN-based approaches in the literature with traditional training.     

Oxidative stress in the kidney injury of mice following exposure to lanthanides trichloride

Environmental pollution from lanthanides (Ln) has been recognized as a major problem due to a grab exploitation of Ln mine in China. Exposure to Ln has been demonstrated to cause the nephrotoxicity, very little is known about the mechanism of oxidative damage to kidney in animals. In order to understand Ln-induced nephrotoxicity, various biochemical and chemical parameters were assayed in mouse kidney. Intragastric exposures of LaCl₃, CeCl₃, and NdCl₃ at doses of 2, 5, and 10 mg kg⁻¹ BW for 90 consecutive days caused nephritis or epithelial cell necrosis and oxidative stress to kidney. An increase in coefficients of the kidney, La, Ce, and Nd accumulation and histopathological changes in the kidney could be observed, followed by increased reactive oxygen species production and peroxidation levels of lipid, protein and DNA, and decreased activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione-S-transferase and glutathione reductase as well as antioxidants such as glutathione, ascorbic acid and thiol contents. Furthermore, La, Ce, and Nd significantly suppressed expression of genes and proteins of these antioxidative enzymes in mouse kidney. In addition, kidney functions were disrupted, including an increase of the creatinine, and reductions of uric acid, urea nitrogen, calcium and phosphonium. These findings suggest that nephritis generation or epithelial cell necrosis in mice following exposure to Ln is closely associated with oxidative stress. Of these damages, the most severe was in the Ce³⁺-exposed kidneys, next in the Nd³⁺-exposed kidneys, and the least in the La³⁺-exposed kidneys, which may be attributed to the 4f electron of Ln.     

饮用水功能区水环境健康风险阈值体系研究

结合天津市饮用水功能区水环境现状,筛选出14种特征污染物,通过危害识别将其分为化学致癌物、非致癌有毒物和特殊物质3类。针对不同类别污染物建立健康风险评价模型,给出化学致癌物的致癌强度系数、非致癌有毒物参考剂量、人均寿命、不同年龄段人群日均饮水量和平均体重等参数,建立针对不同人群的饮用水功能区水质风险阈值体系。在此基础上,对天津市饮用水功能区——于桥水库进行水质风险进行评价。结果显示,于桥水库国控监测点位10个监测指标中,氨氮、挥发酚、汞、铅具有健康风险,4个指标的浓度均处于10-7的风险水平以下,说明于桥水库水环境健康程度较好,4个指标对成人及儿童的风险水平排序为铅氨氮汞挥发酚,重金属铅是主要健康风险污染物。     

Relating dissolved organic matter fluorescence and functional properties

The fluorescence excitation–emission matrix properties of 25 dissolved organic matter samples from three rivers and one lake are analysed. All sites are sampled in duplicate, and the 25 samples include ten taken from the lake site, and nine from one of the rivers, to cover variations in dissolved organic matter composition due to season and river flow. Fluorescence properties are compared to the functional properties of the dissolved organic matter; the functional assays provide quantitative information on photochemical fading, buffering capacity, copper binding, benzo[a]pyrene binding, hydrophilicity and adsorption to alumina. Optical (absorbance and fluorescence) characterization of the dissolved organic matter samples demonstrates that (1) peak C (excitation 300–350 nm; emission 400–460 nm) fluorescence emission wavelength; (2) the ratio of peak T (excitation 220–235 nm; emission 330–370 nm) to peak C fluorescence intensity; and (3) the peak C fluorescence intensity: absorbance at 340 nm ratio have strong correlations with many of the functional assays. Strongest correlations are with benzo[a]pyrene binding, alumina adsorption, hydrophilicity and buffering capacity, and in many cases linear regression equations with a correlation coefficient >0.8 are obtained. These optical properties are independent of freshwater dissolved organic carbon concentration (for concentrations <10 mg L⁻¹) and therefore hold the potential for laboratory, field and on-line monitoring and prediction of organic matter functional properties.     

乌鲁木齐市噪声污染状况及治理对策

乌鲁木齐声环境功能区可分为四类,通过对这些有代表性的噪声监测点进行长期定点监测,了解各类功能区声环境质量特征及受污染情况。通过对近3 a四类声环境功能区的噪声昼间、夜间连续等效声级及污染情况的统计分析,掌握乌鲁木齐市噪声污染状况,研究治理对策。     

Environmental performance and spillover effects on productivity: evidence from horticultural firms

This study investigates the effect of environmental investment and related spillover effects on productivity in the agricultural sector by using a panel data of horticultural firms in Andalusia (Southern Spain). The results indicate a positive relationship between firm investment in environmental practices and productivity improvement, also showing the presence of positive environmental spillovers. In a second-stage of analysis, the incidence of environmental factors in firm specific individual technical efficiency is estimated. This analysis also shows the link between environmental knowledge diffusion and horticultural firms' performance.     

海洋生态资产属性与价值特征的浅析

通过对生态资产的定义与内涵分析,从收益性、稀缺性、权属性等方面分析了海洋生态系统的资产属性.与一般的资产相比较,系统探讨了海洋生态资产的价值特征.本文认为,海洋生态资产价值具有动态性、持续产出性、人类活动影响的敏感性、整体性、难以计量性等特点.指出海洋生态资产的价值度量与管理必须充分考虑这些特征,才能实现理论的深化与技术的改进.     

重力法海冰固态自脱盐的姿态效应

量化定义了海冰脱盐姿态角β和卤管倾斜角α,设计并完成了单层海冰重力固态自脱盐实验,考察了自然条件下海冰固态自脱盐的姿态效应,同时分析了脱盐过程对气温变化的响应.结果表明:气温是影响重力脱盐效果的主要因素,0℃以下气温时有利海冰固态脱盐.低温时,海冰脱盐姿态效应比较明显;但高温时,为气温的影响所弱化.总体而言,海冰为自然生长方向或小角度码放,脱盐效果明显.因此,实际淡化生产时可以通过某种控温机制,动态调控环境温度处于合理温程(-6～0℃),并在设计上尽量保证海冰按自然生长方向码放,以实现高效快速固态排盐.     

江西庐山自然保护区主要森林植被水土保持功能评价

随着环境压力的与日俱增以及森林过度采伐带来的生态危机的加剧,森林生态系统控制水土流失与涵养水源功能的量化及机理研究已成为各国生态学家、林学家、水土保持学家共同关注的课题。以江西庐山自然保护区的6种主要森林植被为研究对象,基于野外调查和室内实验获取的相关数据,采用层次分析法,选取郁闭度、丰富度指数、土壤容重、毛管孔隙度、土壤稳渗速率、枯落物储量、枯落物分解强度、海拔、坡度等15个指标构建多层次多指标的水土保持功能评价体系,根据层次总排序结果,分别计算出各指标的权重,并利用线型评分函数求出各森林植被类型水土保持功能的综合评价值,即6种主要森林植被类型水土保持功能排序为:常绿阔叶林玉山竹林常绿-落叶阔叶混交林落叶阔叶林黄山松林马尾松林。     

港口发展与广州南沙地区的开发

当今世界 ,而港口功能的多元化发展 ,赋予了港口以及港口城市新的发展动力和机遇。广州南沙地区开发应顺应这种发展变化 ,以港口建设为动力 ,以港口经济开发为重点 ,形成广州新的经济增长极和新的滨海城市中心区 ,使广州由只有“云山珠水”的内河港口城市向拥有“山、城、田、海”的滨海城市转变 ,并进一步奠定其华南地区中心城市和珠江三角洲城市群核心城市的地位。