热带森林-砂仁生态系统可持续性的环境经济学分析

以曼么村为例 ,从环境经济学的观点出发 ,对热带森林 -砂仁生态系统的可持续性从经济及环境、生态等方面进行了分析。发现种植砂仁后 ,砂仁的经济效益的递增率不如资源环境成本的递增率快。生态环境的破坏 ,大大降低了砂仁的产量 ,从而更使得种植砂仁的经济效益停滞不前。由砂仁的外延式生产转为内涵式生产 ,采用轮作的经营方式 ,能很好地实现砂仁的持续种植     

Valuing Water Rights in Douglas County,Oregon, Using the Hedonic Price Method1

Abstract: This paper uses the hedonic price method to estimate the value of an acre‐foot of irrigation water in Douglas County, Oregon. The analysis uses detailed information from 113 arms‐length transactions of farmland for 2000 and 2001. The estimated willingness‐to‐accept of $261 to sell an acre‐foot of irrigation water is consistent with other studies and recent transactions in the study area. Estimates for the value of leasing water are provided using a range of discount rates and leasing periods.     

中国资源驱动型岛屿旅游经济发展分析

从我国沿海岛屿旅游十几年的发展历程来看,各沿海岛屿由于所处的地理位置、历史条件、气候条件及资源与文化丰度差异,决定了其旅游发展水平与发展方式存在明显不同。从旅游发展主要驱动力角度,探讨了那些依托其独特旅游资源开发带动经济发展的岛屿经济发展模式。     

Relaxation algorithms to find Nash equilibria with economic applications

Recent theoretical studies have shown that a relaxation algorithm can be used to find noncooperative equilibria of synchronous infinite games with nonlinear payoff functions and coupled constraints. In this study, we introduce an improvement to the algorithm, such as the steepest-descent step-size control, for which the convergence of the algorithm is proved. The algorithm is then tested on several economic applications. In particular, a River Basin Pollution problem is considered where coupled environmental constraints are crucial for the relevant model definition. Numerical runs demonstrate fast convergence of the algorithm for a wide range of parameters. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

对消防经济学理论与方法研究框架的探讨

本文分析了国内外消防经济学的研究概况，从宏观和微观两个方面对消防经济学的研究框架、基本理论与方法等进行了全面论述，并对我国消防经济学韵研究及应用前景进行了展望。目的在于为填补我国在该研究领域的空白提供探索性的指导。     

RESIDUAL POWER AND ECONOMIC FEASIBILITY OF A SOLAR POWERED IRRIGATION SYSTEM1

ABSTRACT: The problem of nonmatching irrigation and solar power production seasons creates the problem of what to do with the surplus power. The economic law of opportunity cost dictates that substitution for currently commercially purchased power is the best use for this power. This law also allows for new power using enterprises that satisfy specific criteria to be used on the farm before sale of the residual to a local public utility can be considered. Economic and Financial Evaluation of the solar powered irrigation system show that the price of commercially purchased power must reach 9.5 cents per Kwh before the system is feasible under the ideal assumption of complete use of the residual power to substitute for commercially purchased power.     

IMPACT OF SEWAGE TREATMENT MODIFICATIONS ON WATER QUALITY OF A RESERVOIR1

ABSTRACT. As a result of several investigations conducted in the Department of Civil Engineering through the Water Resources Research Center at The University of Tennessee, dating from 1966 to the present, a rather comprehensive surveillance of water quality conditions has been maintained in Forth Loudoun Reservoir on the Tennessee River near Knowville, Tennessee. During the period covered by these investigations, the Knoxville Third Creek Sewage Treatment Plant was upgraded from a primary plant to a secondary (activated sludge) treatment plant. Comparison of the collected data is being undertaken herein to elucidate the impact of these modifications upon water quality conditions in the reservoir. Consideration is given to the improvements of water quality as related to the expenditure for modification of the treatment facilities. In addition, comment is directed toward the public health significance of the water quality conditions determined.     

WATER RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT IN AN ENVIRONMENTALLY-CONSCIOUS ERA1

The Sierra Club, which has long fought selected water resource projects that it believes would be environmentally damaging, has come to the conclusion in recent years that much more basic reforms are required in water resources development activities if the demands for environmental quality now evidenced by the American people are to be satisfied. These reforms should not be limited to those that would have a direct effect on the environmental aspects of proposed projects, but also many others long advocated by the economics profession that would have favorable indirect effects. Among the urgent reforms with indirect effects are those involving revision of the procedures used in evaluating proposed projects. These procedures should be revised so that future evaluations will much more accurately reflect the economic and environmental merits of proposed projects. Basic reforms of tax policies are also needed that will eliminate most of the private profit available to those who can persuade the government to increase the value of their land through the construction of water projects. Finally, some additional actions can be taken that will have a direct impact on lessening the adverse environmental impact of water projects beyond the provisions of the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969.     

对产生环境污染人的行为的经济学分析

本文运用现代经济学原理 ,分析了产生环境污染的人们的行为 ,从而了解人们产生环境污染的行为的深层次原因     

External cost internalisation of urban transport: a case study of Dublin

Transport users do not currently pay all costs associated with their transport activities and in particular do not pay the costs they impose on the environment. Case studies on Dublin, Amsterdam, Brussels and London have been conducted to evaluate how best to meet the requirement of the European Commission in its fair and efficient pricing aims in the transport sector, i.e. where transport users are made to pay all costs they impose. The paper presents the results of Do Nothing (DN) and Do Something (DS) scenarios for 2005 where in the latter case each transport user pays for all costs they impose including pollution, noise, accidents etc. The Dublin results, from an economics model used in the study, are examined in detail; the findings are compared with those of parallel studies conducted in the other cities to demonstrate the international relevance of this work. The comparison between the DN and DS scenarios indicates that taxes on all transport modes should be increased substantially, particularly in the morning and evening peak periods. As a result of the price increases, travel demand is reduced. A practical example where transport users could be made to pay for all their costs is road use pricing, i.e. charging individuals for the use of road space. The taxation levels suggested in the DS scenario have been used in a road use pricing trial in Dublin, the results of which were published in O'Mahony, Geraghty and Humphreys (Transportation 27, 269-283, 2000), to see if the reductions in the travel requirements of individuals proposed by the economics model are in fact true. The principles of the work presented in this paper are not only relevant to environmental impact management in the transport sector but can also be applied to other sectors.