石灰泥炭对镉铅锌污染土壤上小白菜生长和元素吸收的影响

采用盆栽方法研究了在镉、铅、锌污染土壤上,石灰和泥炭对小白菜生长状况及对污染元素(Ｃｄ,Ｐｂ,Ｚｎ)和养分元素(Ｎ,Ｐ,Ｋ,Ｃｕ,Ｍｎ,Ｆｅ)吸收的影响。结果表明,石灰消除了重金属的毒害症状．显著促进小白菜的生长、显著抑制小白菜对镉、铅、锌的吸收。石灰对氮、钾、铜、锰的吸收也有显著抑制作用。泥炭对小白菜生长的改善效果及对铜、铅、锌吸收的抑制效果较石灰差。提高酸性土壤ｐＨ值是减少作物对重金属吸收的有效方法。     

富营养水体中浮游植物生长的营养限制研究

选取位于武汉城郊汤逊湖畔的30个养殖池塘作为研究对象,运用营养盐加富试验评价了浮游植物生长的氮磷限制类型。研究发现这些池塘的氮磷含量均较高,尤其是TP,绝大部分都在0.4 mg/L以上,TN/TP(原子比)变化范围为1.7~20.3。相关分析显示,浮游植物的生物量与氮素(TN,TDN,NO3-,NH4+,NO2-)显著正相关(r=0.402~0.677,P<0.05);但与磷素(TP,TDP,PO43-)无显著相关性(P>0.05)。营养盐加富试验显示浮游植物群落对加N的响应程度要显著大于加P;受N限制的池塘数量占50%;P限制的占13.3%;N、P共同限制的占23.3%;而不受N、P影响的仅占13.3%。这些结果表明:在富营养的水体中,当TP浓度>0.4 mg/L且TN/TP<20时,N是限制浮游植物生长的主要因子,P处于第二位。     

五氯酚在表面微层水与表层水间的分配行为

利用玻璃板采样器采工分析市南排污河下游至渤变入口处水体表面微层（ＳＭ）中五氯酚（ＰＣＰ）的富体系数,然后在实验室中进行了微宇宙模拟实验,初步探讨了富集原因,现场测结果表明：ＰＣＰ在水体表面微层中有一定程度的富集一般富集系数在１．１６～４．１１之间;其富集可能与悬浮颗粒物在ＳＭ中的富集、盐度、大气沉降过程等有关,与ＴＯＣ无关。实验室研究结果表明：ＰＣＰ在水体表面微层中富集倍数随悬浮颗粒物浓度和盐度增     

GEOCHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF STREAMBED SEDIMENT IN THE UPPER ILLINOIS RWER BASIN1

ABSTRACT: Geochemistry of fine-fraction streambed sediments collected from the upper illinois River basin was surveyed in the fall of 1987 as part of the U.S. Geological Survey National Water-Quality Assessment pilot projects. The survey included 567 samples analyzed for 46 elements. Three distinctive distribution patterns were found for seven U.S. Environmental Protection Agency priority pollutants surveyed, as well as for boron and phosphorus: (1) enrichment of elements in the Chicago urban area and in streams draining the urban area relative to rural areas, (2) enrichment in main stems relative to tributaries, and (3) enrichment in low-order streams at high-population-density sites relative to low-population-density sites. Significant differences in background concentrations, as measured by samples from low-order streams, were observed among five subbasins in the study area. Uncertain geochemical correspondence between low-order, background sites and high-order, generally metal enriched sites prevented determination of background levels that would be appropriate for high-order sites. The within-sample ratio of enriched elements was variable within the Chicago area but was constant in the Illinois River downstream from Chicago. Element ratios imply a composite fine-fraction sediment in the Illinois River of 35–40 percent Des Plaines River origin and 60–65 percent Kankakee River origin.     

石油污染的修复与处理技术

随着工业化进程的不断发展,石油及其制品的污染问题也日趋严重。由于各种原因导致的石油及其制品的泄漏,对土壤和水体造成严重危害,并最终威胁到人类的健康。本文主要介绍了受石油污染环境的几种修复技术及处理方法,比较与分析了各种方法的优点及存在的问题,同时指出了石油污染治理方面的最新研究进展以及发展方向。     

乳化液膜法对废水中酚的高效去除与富集

采用绿色高效的乳化液膜法(GELM)去除与富集废水中的酚类污染物,建立了以棕榈油和煤油混合物(7:3)为膜溶剂、聚异丁烯多丁二酰亚胺(T-155)为表面活性剂、正辛醇为载体的乳化液膜体系,提高了GELM法分离酚的能力,并研究了各因素对液膜稳定性及对废水中苯酚的分离富集效果的影响。乳化液稳定性和分离酚的实验结果表明,在最优条件下,乳液稳定性好,且该乳化液膜对废水中苯酚和COD去除率分别为99.5%和74%,对邻甲酚、邻氯苯酚、邻氨基苯酚等酚类污染物的除酚率均达~99%,在初始酚浓度4000 mg·L⁻¹时,除酚率仍然达~90%,说明该体系可实现对酚的高效去除。此外乳化液膜对苯酚的富集倍数随乳外比的增大而增大,在乳外比为1∶10时苯酚富集约16倍,说明该体系实现了对苯酚的有效富集。研究结果可为废水中酚类污染物的去除与资源化回收提供绿色、高效、低成本解决方法。     

反硝化型厌氧甲烷氧化微生物的富集与影响因素分析

采用含有不同氮源的SBR进行为期220 d的反硝化型厌氧甲烷氧化(DAMO)微生物富集,研究单一氮源和多氮源对DAMO富集的影响,并用高通量测序对含有不同氮源的反应器内微生物群落结构进行了分析.结果表明,单一氮源(NO3-)和多氮源(NO3-,NO2-,NH4+)为进水的反应器硝氮降低速率分别为0.3mg?(L?d)-...     

Fates and partitioning of heavy metals in municipal solid waste incineration process

The fate and partitioning of heavy metals (including Hg, Cd, Pb, Zn, As, Cr, Ni, and Cu) from MSW incinerators located in Taiwan were determined. Results of stack sampling indicate that most Hg and As (more than 80%) exists in the gas phase while other metals partition differently among bottom ash, fly ash, and flue gases. Removal efficiencies of existing air pollution control devices for Hg and As are lower (about 70%) than other metals. Bottom ash contains higher concentration of Cd compared with European incinerators. In addition, strong enrichment of Cd on fly ash particles is observed.     

Enrichments of Trace Metals in Particulate Matter From the Southern East China Sea,North of Taiwan

Abstract

This study investigates the distributions and enrichments of trace metals in suspended and sinking particulate matter from southern East China Sea (ECS) north of Taiwan during the period April 1992 to April 1993. According to these results, concentration of suspended particulate matter in the inner shelf of southern China Sea, the upwellinginfluenced shelf break, and in Kuroshio water are 1.30 (surface)–4.2 (bottom) mg1^?1, ca. 0.4 mg1^?1 and 0.1–0.2 mg1^?1, respectively, reflecting various influences of terrestrial inputs. A benthic nepheloid layer (BNL), apparently owing to resuspension of local and/or remote bottom sediments, formed over the shelf region. Temporal variations in trace metal contents and enrichments in suspended matter from the shelf region reflect the variation of metal inputs from Chinese rivers, particularly from the Changjiang runoff. the enriched metals are more likely to be derived from anthropogenic input, rather than from biological accumulation. in addition, a decrease in metal contents and an increase in salinity confirm the transport of suspended particulate metals from the East China Sea shelf to the open ocean. the feature of metal plume in the intermediate layer (550–800m) of Kuroshio water also verifies this occurrence. Moreover, the sinking particles collected from a sediment trap on the upper slope are relatively enriched in lithogenic matter and trace metals, suggesting the deposit of anthropogenic metals in the slope area.     

Distribution,enrichment, accumulation and potential ecological risks of mercury in the sediments of Kaohsiung Harbor,Taiwan

The distribution, enrichment, accumulation and potential ecological risks of mercury (Hg) in the surface sediments of Kaohsiung Harbor, Taiwan, were investigated. Sediment samples from 20 locations throughout Kaohsiung Harbor were collected quarterly from 2006 to 2011, and characterised for mercury, aluminium, water content, organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorous, total grease and grain size. The results showed that Hg concentrations varied from 0.06–6.73 mg kg^?1 with an average of 0.54±0.71 mg kg^?1. The spatial distribution of Hg reveals that the Hg concentration is relatively higher in the river mouth regions, especially at the Love River and Canon River mouths from where it gradually diminishes toward the harbour entrance region. The results from the enrichment factor and geo-accumulation index analyses reveal that the sediments near the Love River and Canon River mouths experience severe enrichment and strong accumulation of Hg that originates from upstream sources of pollution. The assessment of biological effects indicates that concentrations of 92.5% Hg found in the sediment are higher than effects range low, implying that the harbour sediments may cause an adverse impact on aquatic lives. The results of a potential ecological risk index indicate that the sediment has higher to serious levels of ecological potential risks.