太湖蓝藻暴发成因及其富营养化控制

根据近年太湖水质和生物监测资料，结合近年藻类生长趋势和区域污染物人湖状况，探讨近年夏季梅梁湖蓝藻暴发原因，并提出了控制太湖富营养化措施。     

Freshwater Ulva (Chlorophyta) as a bioaccumulator of selected heavy metals (Cd, Ni and Pb) and alkaline earth metals (Ca and Mg)

We analyzed the ability of freshwater taxa of the genus Ulva (Ulvaceae, Chlorophyta) to serve as bioindicators of metal in lakes and rivers. Changes in heavy metal (Ni, Cd and Pb) and alkaline earth metal (Ca and Mg) concentrations in freshwater Ulva thalli were investigated during the period from June to August 2010. The study was conducted in two ecosystems in Western Poland, the Malta lake (10 sites) and the Nielba river (six sites). Three components were collected for each sample, including water, sediment and Ulva thalli. The average concentrations of metals in the water sample and in the macroalgae decreased in the following order: Ca > Mg > Ni > Pb > Cd. The sediment revealed a slightly altered order: Ca > Mg > Pb > Ni > Cd. Ca and Mg were found at the highest concentrations in thalli due to the presence of carbonate on its surface. Among the examined heavy metals in thalli, Ni was in the highest concentration, and Cd found in the lowest concentration. There were statistically significant correlations between the levels of metals in macroalgae, water and sediment. Freshwater populations of Ulva exhibited a greater efficiency to bioaccumulate nickel as compared to species derived from marine ecosystems.     

膨润土的原位柱撑改性及其除藻性能研究

利用Al³⁺离子较易水解聚合的性质,微波辅助合成了keggin Al₁₃原位柱撑改性膨润土(PMCs)除藻剂,并研究了PMCs的除藻性能。结果表明,相对于传统除藻产品,PMCs有更好的吸附混凝效果和除藻性能,且不会对环境水体的酸度、浊度、溶解氧等造成过大影响。     

不同填充剂及复合微生物菌剂对蓝藻堆肥效果的影响

为了研究不同填充剂以及复合微生物菌剂对蓝藻堆肥效果的影响,本实验利用锯末、稻壳、麸皮和米糠为填充剂接种堆肥菌剂与蓝藻进行室内模拟堆肥,设置了稻壳、麸皮为填充剂不加菌剂作对照组,分析了pH值、总碳(TC)、总氮(TN)、碳氮比（C/N）、种子发芽指数(germination index,GI)的动态变化。堆肥结束时处理组麸皮的TC降低了90.43 g/kg,TN增加了1.85 g/kg,C/N降低到13.46,GI升高到73.98%,这都说明麸皮作为填充剂混合蓝藻堆肥的效果较好;添加复合微生物菌剂后,处理组稻壳(60.98%)、处理组麸皮(73.67%)的GI分别比相应的对照组升高了11.02、19.84个百分点,这说明复合微生物菌剂对蓝藻堆肥有促进作用。     

Nutrient Bioassays of Growth Parameters for Algae in the North Bosque River of Central Texas1

Abstract: Nutrient dose‐response bioassays were conducted using water from three sites along the North Bosque River. These bioassays provided support data for refinement of the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model used in the development of two phosphorus TMDLs for the North Bosque River. Test organisms were native phytoplanktonic algae and stock cultured Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata (Korshikov) Hindak. Growth was measured daily by in vivo fluorescence. Algal growth parameters for maximum growth (μ_max) and half‐saturation constants for nitrogen (K_N) or phosphorus (K_P) were determined by fitting maximum growth rates associated with each dose level to a Monod growth rate function. Growth parameters of native algae were compared between locations and to growth parameters of P. subcapitata and literature values. No significant differences in half‐saturation constants were indicated within nutrient treatment for site or algal type. Geometric mean K_N was 32 μg/l and for K_P 7 μg/l. A significant difference was detected in maximum growth rates between algae types but not between sites or nutrient treatments. Mean μ_max was 1.5/day for native algae and 1.2/day for stock algae. These results indicate that watershed‐specific maximum growth rates may need to be considered when modeling algal growth dynamics with regard to nutrients.     

荧光光谱结合主成分分析对赤潮藻的识别测定

利用主成分分析和非负最小二乘法,建立了我国近海常见的11种赤潮藻在属水平上的活体荧光识别测定技术.利用Delaunay三维插值法,消除浮游藻三维荧光光谱的瑞利散射和拉曼散射峰, 根据Fisher判别分析方法对各主成分及其组合的分辨能力的判别结果,确定赤潮藻三维荧光光谱的第一主成分得分谱和第二主成分得分谱作为赤潮藻识别特征谱,建立赤潮藻荧光特征谱库,在此基础上,利用非负最小二乘法对11种赤潮藻在属水平上进行识别测定,赤潮藻的识别正确率≥85%,其中9种赤潮藻的识别正确率≥90%,特别是对于近几年东海发生赤潮频率极高的东海原甲藻（Prorocentrum donghaiense）、中肋骨条藻（Skeletonema costatum）和裸甲藻（Gymnodinium sp.）,识别正确率≥95%.本研究表明,利用主成分分析提取赤潮藻三维荧光光谱特征以实现赤潮藻在属水平上的识别测定是可行的.     

潜水丁坝在湖滨带生态恢复中的应用

为保护和稳固湖滨带,在太湖梅梁湾进行生态恢复研究,并成功地实施了示范工程.沿湖滨带共构筑14道潜水丁坝,每道长23～28 m,坝间距为40～80 m,坝上种植芦苇和菰.构筑的潜水丁坝能经受住太湖常见大风袭击和湖流淘蚀,芦苇和菰等长势良好,湖滨原有芦苇带在一定水深范围内每年向湖延伸2～5 cm,坝上其他水生植物和底栖动物螺蛳等自然繁衍.潜水丁坝所起作用为利用自然力改变岸边流场,使泥沙在湖滨带预定沉积区内沉积,减缓岸边侵蚀和降低沉积物再悬浮,从而为湖滨带水生植物生长创造良好的生境条件.研究发现,在微风条件下,潜水丁坝群能有效拦截麇集于岸边的蓝绿藻,并在湖滨带进行消化降解.研究提出的构筑潜水丁坝并种植水生植物的方案为湖滨带生态恢复提供了一种新的探索途径.     

3种淡水藻对三唑磷的降解研究

为揭示藻类对水环境农药污染物的降解能力,选择3种代表性淡水藻类——莱因衣藻(Chlamydomonas reinhardtii)、纤细裸藻(Euglena gracilis)和聚球藻(Synechococcus leopoliensis)为材料,分析了这3种藻对三唑磷的降解和积累.结果显示:在初始ρ(三唑磷)均为10 　mg/L的条件下,8 d内,莱因衣藻、纤细裸藻和聚球藻对三唑磷的降解率分别为35.3%,44.6%和9.8%,表明这3种藻对三唑磷均有显著的降解能力;这3种藻对三唑磷有很强的积累作用,因此可通过食物链转移到上一个营养级,将对水生态系统及人类健康产生更大的风险;纤细裸藻的生物降解符合一级反应动力学方程,而莱因衣藻和聚球藻的生物降解符合二级反应动力学方程.      

巢湖藻华暴发对沉积物典型重金属空间分布格局的影响

为探究湖泊富营养化过程对沉积物中重金属空间分异及生态风险的影响,本研究以大型浅水湖泊—巢湖为研究对象,剖析了藻类暴发前、后巢湖表层沉积物中典型重/类金属（Cr、Ni、Cu、As、Cd、Pb）含量及其赋存形态的空间分布特征,并采用次生相与原生相比值、潜在生态风险指数法评估了沉积物重/类金属的污染程度与生态风险的变化规律.结果表明：(1)藻类暴发前6种重/类金属含量空间分布特征均表现为西部湖区显著高于中部和东部湖区（p<0.05,p<0.01）,而暴发后沉积物中重金属含量均有所增加,且空间上呈现均一化趋势;(2)藻类暴发前Cr、Ni、Cu、As和Pb均以残渣态为主,Cd以弱酸提取态为主;藻类暴发后6种重/类金属的残渣态相对质量分数均有所降低,可氧化态相对质量分数均有所增加;(3)藻类暴发后沉积物重金属综合污染程度由暴发前的中等污染程度提升为较高污染程度,且单一重金属污染程度表现出空间分布均一化的趋势;(4)潜在生态风险指数结果表明藻类暴发增加了沉积物重金属污染（As除外）的生态风险.本研究阐明了藻类暴发对巢湖沉积物重金属空间分异及其生态风险的影响,可为大型浅水湖泊生态健康评估与...     

辽宁大伙房水库水质生态学监测的研究

1961～1996年对大伙房水库6个站进行了不同季节浮游植物、底栖动物群落特征的生态调查.共发现藻类8门,174种,底栖动物34种,分析了水生生物种类组成,数量变化和生物演替.水质生态学评价结果表明,大伙房水库只受到轻度污染,水质等级为2级.