太湖水底摩擦系数的估算

利用１９９２年８月至１９９２年１０月在太湖马山地区测得的风，浪资料，采用浅水浪公式对太湖水底摩擦系数进行了估算，估算值为０．００２５。     

贵阳市啊哈水库游鱼河废水处理厂方案的优选

工程方案的选择是工程项目的战略决策问题，针对综合评价工程方案的复杂性，本文建立了综合评价工程方案的目标体系，阐述了目标体系中目标权重值的确定方法，并采用多级模糊综合评价方法确定了贵阳市啊哈水库游鱼河废水处理厂的最佳方案。     

遗传模拟退火算法在水质模型参数估值中的应用研究

在传统遗传算法 (GeneticAlgorithms,GA)基础上引入模拟退火技术 (SimulatedAnnealing,SA) ,提出了遗传模拟退火算法 (GSA) ,并将其应用到水质模型参数估值中。计算结果表明 ,GSA法综合了 2种优化方法各自的优点 ,不但克服了传统GA容易早熟的缺点 ,还加强了算法的收敛速度 ,因而具有良好的优化性能。不同的参数估值方法比较进一步验证了新方法的有效性。GSA法在环境优化领域中将具有广阔的应用前景     

利用前线分子轨道能预测有机物生物毒性的方法

本文以线性自由能理论为基础提出了一种利用分子轨道能预测有机物生物毒性的方法，并利用这种方法建立了预测氯代芳烃化合物发光菌毒性的定量相关方程。     

菠菜（Spinacia oleracea）硝酸盐含量的控制和预测的研究

建立了菜园系统中施氮量ρＡ（Ｎ）土壤水分ｗ（Ｈ２Ｏ）（以占田间最大持水量的百分数表示）土壤肥力ｗ（ＲＡＨＮ）（以土壤还原碱解Ｎ（ＲＡＨＮ）水平表示）３因素影响菠菜植株ＮＯ３－Ｎ含量（ｗ（ＮＯ３－Ｎ）的三元二次数学模型，模型分析和盆栽，微区及大田验证试验结果表明：３因素对菠菜植株ｗ（ＮＯ３－Ｎ）影响的顺序是：ρＡ（Ｎ）〉ｗ（ＲＡＨＮ）〉ｗ（Ｈ２Ｏ），既能使菠菜高产，又能使植株ｗ（ＮＯ３－Ｎ）达到国颁     

Propagation functions for monitoring distributional changes

In environmental assessment and monitoring, a primary objective of the investigator is to describe the changes occurring in the environmentally important variables over time. Propagation functions have been proposed to describe the distributional changes occurring in the variable of interest at two different times. McDonald et al. (1992, 1995) proposed an estimator of propagation function under the assumption of normality. We conduct a detailed sensitivity analysis of inference based on the normal model. It turns out that this model is appropriate only for small departures from normality whereas, for moderate to large departures, both estimation and testing of hypothesis break down. Non-parametric estimation of the propagation function based on kernel density estimation is also considered and the robustness of the choice of bandwidth for kernel density estimation is investigated. Bootstrapping is employed to obtain confidence intervals for the propagation function and also to determine the critical regions for testing the significance of distributional changes between two sampling epochs. Also studied briefly is the mathematical form and graphical shape of the propagation function for some parametric bivariate families of distributions. Finally, the proposed estimation techniques are illustrated on a data set of tree ring widths.     

稻田甲烷排放量估算和减缓技术选择

根据中国不同生态类型地区的稻田甲烷排放通量，估算了中国稻田甲烷排放总量。结果表明，１９９０年中国稻田甲烷排放总量为１１．３３５Ｔｇ。提出了一些减缓稻田甲烷排放措施，包括：（１）使用稻田甲烷抑制剂；（２）肥料管理；（３）水分管理；（４）筛选低排放率、高产的水稻品种。     

Learning to predict channel stability using biogeomorphic features

Current human land use activities are altering many components of the river landscape, resulting in unstable channels. Instability may have serious negative consequences for water quality, aquatic and riparian habitat, and for river-related human infrastructure such as bridges and roads. Resource management agencies have developed rapid bioassessment surveys to help assess stability in a fast and cost-effective way. While this assessment can be done for a single site fairly rapidly, it is still time-consuming to apply over large watersheds and assessment activities must be prioritized. We constructed a system that employs commonly available map data as inputs to cost-sensitive variants of decision tree algorithms to predict the relative channel stability of different sites. In particular, we use bagged lazy option trees (LOTs) and bagged probability estimation trees (PETs) to identify all unstable channels while making the smallest number of errors of classifying stable channels as unstable, thereby minimizing cost and maximizing safety. We measured the performance of the classifiers using ROC curves and found that the PETs performed better than the LOTs in situations where the number of instances of the stable and unstable classes were relatively balanced, but the LOTs did better where unstable examples were relatively rare compared to stable, perhaps due to the LOTs’ ability to focus on individual examples.     

城市发展与城市生态系统评价

本文从解决城市环境问题出发，根据城市发展与环境污染相互联系，指出了必须改变目前的单个建设项目评价方式，提出了对城市生态系统进行评价的观点，并对城市生态系统评价所涉及的若干问题做了初步探讨分析。     

Paternity in naturally-occurring Utetheisa ornatrix (Lepidoptera : Arctiidae) as estimated using enzyme polymorphism

Paternity of offspring in natural populations of insects has received little attention due to the difficulties inherent in following females and sampling each of their mates. Here, an existing statistical technique is modified to estimate paternity based on allozyme variation found in the female and her last mate, thus allowing paternity in nature to be studied by collecting copulating pairs of insects. Using this technique, paternity was investigated in naturally-occurring females of the arctiid moth Utetheisa ornatrix. These females mate promiscuously: upon dissection, they were found to contain up to 13 spermatophores. Statistical paternity estimation revealed considerable variation in the share of offspring sired by the female's last mate: approximately 25% of the males sired all the offspring, while another 25% fathered no offspring; the remainder sired at least some offspring. The proportion of offspring sired by the last male did not correlate with latency to oviposition, the extent of previous mating by the female, or male wing length. Male U. ornatrix are known to make substantial nuptial investments during mating, and this study shows that mating males frequently sire few or no offspring. Thus, male moths stand a chance of being cuckolded.