长江口南支沉积物对卤虫的毒性效应研究

以Ⅱ-Ⅲ龄卤虫幼体（Artemia salina）为受试生物,开展生物检测试验,研究长江口南支沉积物的毒性效应。生物检测结果表明长江口南支部分站位的沉积物对卤虫幼体已产生毒性效应,其中,2、5、8三站沉积物对卤虫体长和体内SOD酶活性具有显著影响（p〈0.05）,1号和2号站沉积物对卤虫体内LDH活性有显著影响（p〈0.05）。对多个毒性效应指标运用因子分析法得到长江口南支各站因子得分F,F值大小可表征各站沉积物对卤虫综合毒性的强弱,各站F值排序为：2号（-1.59）〈5号（-0.76）〈8号（-0.42）〈1号（0.06）〈6号（0.62）〈7号（0.78）〈3号（1.31）,2号站沉积物毒性最强,3号站毒性最弱。经逐步回归分析,因子得分F与沉积物中Cu、Cd含量具有显著相关关系（R=0.91,p〈0.05）,表明长江口南支沉积物中Cu和Cd是对卤虫产生毒性效应的关键污染物。     

长江口滨岸水体悬浮颗粒物中PCBs分布特征

对长江口滨岸带14个采样点水体悬浮物中的多氯联苯(PCBs)进行GC-ECD测试,结果表明PCBs含量水平为2.5～51.5ng/g,平均值为13.2ng/g,普遍高于相应表层沉积物中的含量,但没有表现出明显的与排污有关的地域性分布规律;PCBs的含量与悬浮物的粒径和有机质含量不显著相关,而可能与有机质来源和矿物组成有关;在大多数采样站位,低氯代联苯(2～5CB)占PCBs总量的70%以上,其中2CB在悬浮物中占有绝对优势地位.这一组成特征可能与我国主要生产和使用低氯代联苯有关,但与过去表层沉积物中以3CB为主的特征不同,表明可能有新的PCBs的输入.与国内外相关研究结果对比,本区PCBs的污染属中等水平.     

Effect of metal accumulation on metallothionein level and condition of the periwinkle Littorina littorea along the Scheldt estuary (the Netherlands)

Metal (i.e. Ag, As, Ca, Cd, Co, Cu, Mn, Pb and Zn) and metallothionein (MT) concentrations in the soft tissue of Littorina littorea were measured along the heavily polluted Western Scheldt (WS) and relatively clean Eastern Scheldt (ES) estuary. Along the WS metal and MT levels in periwinkles reflected the known downstream decreasing pollution gradient. Surprisingly in ES animals As, Mn and Zn concentrations decreased from east to west reflecting past pollution. Compared to the WS metal concentrations of ES periwinkles were significantly lower and both estuaries were maximally discriminated from each other based on their Cd soft tissue concentration using a canonical discriminant analysis. Furthermore, no overall difference was found in MT levels among animals from both estuaries. Using previously obtained condition data (i.e. dry/wet weight ratio and lipid content) the relation between soft tissue metal concentration (i.e. Cd, Cu and Zn) and fitness indicators (i.e. MT and condition data) was examined using a canonical correlation analysis. Periwinkles with a high metal load (i.e. Cd and Zn) also had high MT levels but were in a relatively poor condition.     

基于实测资料的长江河口南支河段盐水入侵规律分析

为对长江口南支河段盐水入侵规律有清晰的认识,在梳理、总结以往研究成果的基础上,通过对历年咸潮及氯度实测资料的分析,对长江口南支河段盐水入侵的规律进行了较为全面系统的分析研究。研究表明：北支盐水倒灌是长江口南支河段盐水入侵的主要来源;在研究水域,枯季大潮期氯度的沿程分布表现为两头高、中间低的“马鞍形”形式,枯季中潮期则为“高 低 高 低 高”的复杂的“W”形的分布形式;受外海潮汐和上游径流的综合作用,由大潮到中潮,倒灌盐水团在下移过程中,氯度的沿程分布形式发生了变异;近期盐水入侵的程度有加剧的趋势;研究水域2～3月盐水入侵最严重,在这段时间内盐水入侵超标次数多、历时长;当大通流量小于20 000 m3/s时,就可能发生明显的北支盐水倒灌南支现象;盐水入侵程度跟大通流量和潮汐强度密切相关;大通流量越大,盐水入侵程度越低;潮差越大,盐水入侵程度越高     

Environmental quality of mussel farms in the Vigo estuary: pollution by PAHs, origin and effects on reproduction

This work analyzes the influence of environmental and physiological parameters on PAHs accumulation in cultured mussels. Lipid content and reproductive stage are directly related with PAHs accumulation pattern. We observed a rapid accumulation and depuration of PAHs, mainly during periods of nutrients accumulation, spawns and gonadic restorations. Correlations between PAHs accumulation and physiological status indicate when mussels are more susceptible to adverse effects of these pollutants. A positive correlation between mutagenic congener’s accumulation and occurrence of gonadic neoplastic disorders is shown for the first time in mussels. Molecular indices were used to identify the origin of hydrocarbons accumulated by Mytilus, showing a chronic pyrolytic pollution and pollutant episodes by petrogenic sources and biomass combustion in the studied area. Multivariate analysis suggests the possibility of including physiological parameters of sentinel organisms in environmental biomonitoring programs, mainly in aquaculture areas, taking into account their two aspects: farms productivity and human food safety.     

长江口区域饮用水源地有机污染特性研究

以南通市为例,对长江口区域饮用水源地53种挥发性有机物( VOCs)、64种半挥发性有机物(SVOCs)、33种农药、20种多氯联苯等有机污染物进行定性、定量检测,选取汇龙镇水厂、如皋水厂、海门长江水厂3个水厂水源地进行r枯水期、平水期、丰水期3个水期的监测.结果表明:(1)VOCs中仅在枯水期有四氯化碳检出,33种农...     

海莲红树林土壤CH4动态研究

对海南东寨港河港河口海莲红树林土壤CH4动态进行研究。CH4通量季节变化规律为春季>夏季>秋季>冬季,所有季节所有滩面其平均值为1.21 mg/(m2d)。不同季节CH4产生量平均值的大小顺序也为春季>夏季>秋季>冬季,所有季节所有滩面其平均值为8.28 mg/(m2d);土壤理化因子对河港海莲林土壤CH4产生率的重要性依次为全氮>NaCl>Na >Cl->SO42->含水量>总含盐量>有机质。暖季CH4氧化量高于冷季,平均值为7.06 mg/(m2d)。在所有季节所有滩面上,河港海莲林土壤CH4传输率的平均值为28.21%。     

Evaluation of zoobenthic assemblages and recovery following petroleum spill in a coastal area of Río de la Plata estuarine system, South America

The objective of this work was to analyse zoobenthic assemblages in the coastal sector of the Río de La Plata, Argentina, after a petroleum spill. Sampling stations were located in representative sites of various landscapes. Structure, composition, physico-chemical parameters and seasonal changes were recorded in order to assess taxocenosis evolution during the period 1999–2003. Recovery signs were estimated by means of biotic indices and the presence of sensitive species. Tolerant species were dominant in heavily polluted sites, with low diversity and water quality values, according to the biotic indices used. In certain zones, sediment quality remains impoverished, with a visible oil film on the surface. However, during the last sampling, some points showed an increase in biotic indices, pointing to a slight improvement in environmental conditions.     

黄河三角洲翅碱篷湿地硫化氢和羰基硫排放动态研究

利用静态箱/气相色谱法,观测了生长季(5~10月)黄河三角洲翅碱篷湿地H2S和COS的释放动态.结果表明,H2S、COS的排放通量具有明显的季节和日变化规律,在生长季,黄河三角洲翅碱篷湿地是H2S和COS的释放源,其中H2S的平均释放通量为4.97μg·(m2·h)-1,COS的平均释放通量为0.92μg·(m2·h)-1.在探讨的环境因子中,不同环境因子对翅碱篷湿地H2S和COS释放通量的影响不同,其中土壤SO2-4含量是影响H2S释放通量的主要因素,土壤含水量是影响COS释放通量的主要因素.含硫气体的排放可能还受到其它因素如植物、潮汐状况等多种因素的影响.     

河口生态系统恢复评价指标体系研究及其应用

建立了退化河口生态系统恢复评价指标体系.指标体系综合考虑河口生态系统对全流域及人类生活的影响,分别从生态系统的环境部分、生物部分以及对人类的影响等3方面,采用集水面积、人口密度、入海量、河口断流时间、水质、生物多样性指数和生物量等7项指标对河口生态系统状况进行评价.指标体系在海河流域主要河口生态恢复评价中得到应用.