Software as a bridge between theory and practice in life cycle assessment

Three mutually dependent elements are required for the application of life cycle assessment: methodology, data and software. Obviously, the design of software is determined by the methodology and the type of data available. Conversely, the development of software dictates the way in which data should be collected and recorded, and improves the theoretical framework, as it forces one to state the principles clearly and unambiguously. The influence of the development of software on both data and methodology is addressed and illustrated by examples, with reference to two key terms: transparency and explicitness. Three types of influence are distinguished: the design of a protocol, the formulation in terms of recipes, and the presentation of data.     

圆锥形薄壁件成形过程及性能的数值模拟

采用了ANSYS有限元分析软件对圆锥形薄壁件成形过程进行了数值模拟,分析了冲压过程中两类失效形式产生的原因,并提出了相应的解决办法。     

靶场环境电磁干扰控制

阐述了在靶场中应用的屏蔽技术、接地技术、滤波技术、静电放电保护措施、机动车辆干扰控制等硬件抗干扰技术以及常用的软件抗干扰技术,这些措施的综合应用可以有效提高靶场设备的电磁兼容性.     

渤海溢油应急预报系统

本文建立的渤海溢油应急预报系统，采用目前比较成熟的环境动力和溢油行为模式，提供海面油膜的位置和覆盖面积，水体中油的浓度分布及溢油的比重，粘度，挥发量，残留量，平均厚度等物化参数的实时预报信息。适用于渤海海域的溢油应急报和环境风险评价。系统界面友好，操作简单，反应快捷，后处理功能完工具有可扩充性。     

柴油车加载减速工况烟度排放测试软件开发

依据《柴油车加载减速烟度排放标准》和《柴油车加载减速工况烟度检测计算机控制试验规程》的要求,开发了柴油车加载减速工况烟度排放测试软件。详细介绍了该测试软件的功能和特点。     

Windows系统端口安全和防护

针对Windows系统端口的安全 ,介绍端口的基本特征和用途 ;分析木马和病毒等诸多因素对端口的威胁 ;论述端口关闭的方法和原则 ,而该原则是只开放需要的端口 ,以获得最大程度减小被攻击的可能性 ;最后重点阐述端口管理在安全指南软件中的实现 ,希望达到的目的是使不同层次的计算机用户、特别是缺少基本计算机操作和端口安全知识的用户 ,在该软件的指导下都能正确、顺利地管理端口 ,保障微机和网络安全。     

通风系统安全可靠性评价研究与实现

矿井通风系统可靠性评价应能及时反映矿井通风系统可靠性的高低，为矿井通风系统的决策者提供有意义的信息，根据信息及时调整矿井通风系统，解决系统中存在的重大安全问题。准确、及时、可靠的数据信息是矿井通风系统安全部门进行技术管理和防灾救灾的重要依据，也是矿井通风系统可靠性评价的重要组成部分。在可靠性分析的基础上提出了矿井通风系统可靠性评价设计思想和软件的实现方法。     

Pesticide Impact Rating Index – A Pesticide Risk Indicator for Water Quality

Pesticide users, natural resource managers, regulators, government agencies and many others are concerned about the off-site impact of pesticides on the environment. Systematic methods of the assessment of potential risk of pesticides to environmental components can serve as valuable tools in decision making and policy formulation. Simple risk indicators have been developed which cover a range of scenarios such as toxicity to organisms, health of farm workers, consumer health, and residues in harvested produce. The authors have developed a software package named Pesticide Impact Rating Index (PIRI) that outputs an improved pesticide risk indicator for water quality. PIRI is a standalone, user-friendly, platform-independent program. It can be used to (i) rank pesticides in terms of their relative pollution potential to groundwater or surface water, and (ii) to compare different land uses in a catchment or at a regional scale in terms of their relative impact on water quality. It is based on pesticides use; the pathway through which the pesticides are released to the water resources (drift, runoff, erosion, leaching) and the value of the water resources threatened. Each component is quantified using pesticide characteristics (including toxicity to organisms at different trophic levels, i.e. fish, daphnia, algae, etc.), environmental and site conditions (e.g. organic carbon content of soil, water input, slope of land, soil loss, recharge rate, depth of water table, etc.). This paper describes two case studies of the application of PIRI in Australia. The comparison of the risk assessment by PIRI on these revealed that PIRI correctly estimated the pollution potential of pesticides in greater than 80% of cases. A GIS version of PIRI is described in a companion paper in this volume. An erratum to this article is available at .     

一种低功耗高性能数据采集数字处理平台的设计

目的构建一套基于中频信号基带数字信号处理的软件无线电平台。方法通过选择芯片设计硬件电路设计出合适的PCB板。结果主要依据软件无线电平台,提出了一种基于A/D+FPGA+D/A的硬件设计方案,该系统包括了前端的A/D数据采集和后端的D/A模拟数据恢复的详细收发电路原理设计。结论构建了一个从前端数据接收到后端模拟发送的高速基带数字信号处理平台。