Effects of chlortetracycline, Cu and their combination on the performance and microbial community dynamics in swine manure anaerobic digestion

Swine manure was typical for the combined pollution of heavy metals and antibiotics. The effects of widely used veterinary antibiotic chlortetracycline(CTC), Cu and their combination on swine manure anaerobic digestion performance and microbial community have never been investigated. Thus, four 2 L anaerobic digestion reactors were established including reactor A(control), B(CTC spiked by 0.5 g/kg dry weight, dw), C(Cu spiked by 5 g/kg dw) and D(combination of CTC, 0.5 g/kg dw, and Cu, 5 g/kg dw), and dynamics of bacterial and archaeal community structure was investigated using high throughput sequencing method. Results showed that addition of CTC and Cu separately could increase the total biogas production by21.6% and 15.8%, respectively, while combination of CTC and Cu severely inhibited anaerobic digestion(by 30.3%). Furthermore, corresponding to different stages and reactors, four kinds of microbes including bacteria and archaea were described in detail, and the effects of CTC, Cu and their combination mainly occurred at hydrolysis and acidification phases. The addition of Cu alone changed the dynamics of archaeal community significantly. It was genus Methanomassiliicoccus that dominated at the active methane production for A, B and D, while it was genus Methanobrevibacter and Methanoculleus for C.     

基于GIS的安徽省耕地畜禽养殖废弃物氮负荷估算及污染潜势研究

利用2012年安徽省各县市区的畜禽养殖统计数据及耕地面积,估算了安徽省畜禽养殖废弃物氮负荷,并利用德尔菲法和层次分析法确定了安徽省耕地畜禽养殖废弃物氮养分污染潜势评价的影响因素及权重,在此基础上,利用GIS空间分析技术对安徽省耕地畜禽养殖废弃物氮养分污染潜势进行了评价分析。结果表明,2012年安徽省的耕地畜禽养殖废弃物氮负荷分布很不均匀,最大值为217.08kg/hm~2,最小值24.27kg/hm~2,平均值为81.99kg/hm~2。绝大部分县市区都未超过170kg/hm~2的限量标准,但太湖县、歙县、砀山县和宁国市分别达到了217.08、212.76、197.82和192.95kg/hm~2。从空间特征看,安徽省各县市区耕地畜禽养殖废弃物氮养分污染潜势评价结果差异较大,大部分区域都属于一般等级以下,污染潜势高的区域主要分布在安徽省的东南部及西部的山地丘陵区,主要包括宁国市、歙县和太湖县,污染潜势较高的区域有长丰县、休宁县、绩溪县、黄山市市辖区、金寨县、岳西县、明光县及潜山县的部分区域。     

规模化畜禽养殖业零排放模式探究

针对中国畜禽养殖业污染日益严重的现状,在分析现阶段中国规模化畜禽养殖业污染治理现状的基础上,提出运用循环经济的理论,因地制宜的采取污染物减排措施.分别从废水、粪便资源化利用以及病死猪的无害化处理三个角度分析了规模化畜禽养殖业的零排放模式,加快推进了生态环境治理体系和治理能力的现代化,从而实现资源整合,提高畜禽养殖废弃物处理设备的利用效率,将污染物变成可再生的资源,为规模化畜禽养殖业污染物处理实现零排放及循环利用提供参考.     

Heavy metal mobility in runoff water and absorption by eggplant fruits from sludge treated soil

Sewage sludge addition to agricultural lands requires judicious management to avoid environmental risks arising from heavy metal and nitrate contamination of surface water and accumulation in edible plants. A field study was conducted on a silty-loam soil of 10% slope at Kentucky State University Research Farm. Eighteen plots of 22 × 3.7 m each were separated using metal borders and the soil in six plots was mixed with sewage sludge and yard waste compost mix (SS-YW) at 15 t acre^?1, six plots were mixed with sewage sludge (SS) at 15 t acre^?1, and six unamended plots that never received sludge were used for comparison purposes. Plots were planted with eggplant, Solanum melongena L. as the test plant. The objectives of this investigation were to: 1) assess the effect of soil amendments on the transport of NO₃, NH₄, and heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Ni, Pb, Zn, Cu, and Mo) into surface water; 2) investigate the effect of soil amendments on heavy metal bioavailability in eggplant fruits at harvest; and 3) assess chemical and physical properties of soil following addition of soil amendments and their impact on the yield and quality of eggplant fruit. SS-YW treatments reduced runoff water by 63% while plots incorporated with sewage sludge alone reduced runoff water by 37% compared to control treatment. The SS-YW treatments transported more mineral nitrogen (NO₃-N and NH₄-N) in runoff water than SS treatments. Total marketable yield (lbs acre^?1) and number of eggplant fruits were greatest in SS-YW treatments. This response may be due to improved soil porosity, water, and nutrient retention of the soil amended with SS-YW mixture. Concentrations of heavy metals in soil amended with sludge were below the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) limits. Chromium, Ni, Zn, and Cu were taken up by eggplant fruits but their concentrations were below the Codex Commission allowable levels.     

Dairy Manure Treatment,Digestion and Nutrient Recovery as a Phosphate Fertilizer

A combined approach of biological treatment, solids digestion and nutrient recovery was tested on dairy manure. A sequencing batch reactor (SBR) was operated in three modes, in order to optimize nutrient (nitrogen and phosphorus) removals. The highest average removal efficiencies of 91% for NH₄-N, 59% for PO₄-P and 80% for total chemical oxygen demand (COD) were achieved. Staining experiments suggested the coexistence of glycogen and phosphorus accumulating organisms. Anaerobic digestion of wasted bio-solids was able to produce a PO₄-P concentration of 70 mgL^?1 in the supernatant. A pilot-scale experiment, designed to recover phosphorus in the supernatant as struvite (magnesium ammonium phosphate), was able to remove 82% of soluble PO₄-P.     

Characterizing food waste substrates for co-digestion through biochemical methane potential (BMP) experiments

Co-digestion of food waste with dairy manure is increasingly utilized to increase energy production and make anaerobic digestion more affordable; however, there is a lack of information on appropriate co-digestion substrates. In this study, biochemical methane potential (BMP) tests were conducted to determine the suitability of four food waste substrates (meatball, chicken, cranberry and ice cream processing wastes) for co-digestion with flushed dairy manure at a ratio of 3.2% food waste and 96.8% manure (by volume), which equated to 14.7% (ice-cream) to 80.7% (chicken) of the VS being attributed to the food waste. All treatments led to increases in methane production, ranging from a 67.0% increase (ice cream waste) to a 2940% increase (chicken processing waste) compared to digesting manure alone, demonstrating the large potential methane production of food waste additions compared to relatively low methane production potential of the flushed dairy manure, even if the overall quantity of food waste added was minimal.     

Improved biogas production from rice straw by co-digestion with kitchen waste and pig manure

In order to investigate the effect of feedstock ratios in biogas production, anaerobic co-digestions of rice straw with kitchen waste and pig manure were carried out. A series of single-stage batch mesophilic (37 ± 1 °C) anaerobic digestions were performed at a substrate concentration of 54 g/L based on volatile solids (VS). The results showed that the optimal ratio of kitchen waste, pig manure, and rice straw was 0.4:1.6:1, for which the C/N ratio was 21.7. The methane content was 45.9–70.0% and rate of VS reduction was 55.8%. The biogas yield of 674.4 L/kg VS was higher than that of the digestion of rice straw or pig manure alone by 71.67% and 10.41%, respectively. Inhibition of biogas production by volatile fatty acids (VFA) occurred when the addition of kitchen waste was greater than 26%. The VFA analysis showed that, in the reactors that successfully produced biogas, the dominant intermediate metabolites were propionate and acetate, while they were lactic acid, acetate, and propionate in the others.     

莱钢1~# 1880m~3高炉出铁场除尘系统改造

对1 880 m3高炉出铁场除尘系统存在问题进行分析,查找制约原有系统除尘效果的原因,并利用技术改造,提高系统风量和除尘效果,有效地降低了岗位粉尘浓度,改善了现场周围环境,取得了较好的社会效益和环保效益.     

猪粪堆肥中一株溶磷菌的筛选鉴定及溶磷能力初步测定

从猪粪堆肥中分离纯化得到一株具有较强溶磷能力的菌株PSM-1,进行了形态学和分子生物学鉴定,研究了其溶磷能力和遗传稳定性.结果表明:通过菌落形态和ITS基因序列分析鉴定,菌株PSM-1为产黄青霉(Penicillium chrysogenum);在3种不同无机磷源液体培养基中其溶磷量依次为Ca3(PO4)2(138.36 mg·L-1)Fe PO4(117.38 mg·L-1)Al PO4(113.76 mg·L-1),且PSM-1的溶磷量均与培养液p H值呈现出显著负相关性;以葡萄糖为碳源、硝酸铵为氮源时,菌株PSM-1的溶磷量最高可达195.67 mg·L-1,比初始有效磷高141.42%;该菌株对碳源和氮源的利用效率分别依次为:葡糖糖蔗糖麦芽糖淀粉,硝酸铵硝酸钾硫酸铵草酸铵;经过20次传代培养后PSM-1的溶磷量保持在(124.54±3.50)mg·L-1,说明其溶磷遗传稳定性良好.研究表明:PSM-1菌株具有良好的溶解无机磷的能力,在土壤微生态改良方面具有重要的应用潜力.     

Optimization and evaluation of an air-recirculated stripping for ammonia removal from the anaerobic digestate of pig manure

An air-recirculated stripping involved two processes and did not require any pretreatment. First, stripping CO₂ decreased the buffer capacity of the anaerobic digestate, thereby reducing the amount of lime used to achieve a high pH. Second, lime was added to increase pH and remove ammonia from the anaerobic digestate of pig manure. pH increased from 8.03 to 8.86 by stripping CO₂ in the first process (gas-to-liquid ratio = 180) and further reached 12.38 in the second process (gas-to-liquid ratio = 300). During process optimization, the maximum ammonia removal efficiency reached 96.78% with a lime dose of 22.13 g. The value was close to 98.25%, which was the optimal result predicted by response surface methodology using the software Design-Expert 8.05b. All these results indicated that air-recirculated stripping coupled with absorption was a promising technology for the removal and recovery of nitrogen in the anaerobic digestate of pig manure.