Industrial processes and waste characterization

Specific industrial processes and its waste characteristics should be known for proper management and control of the wastes produced from industries. Some industrial processes and waste characteristics are introduced to explain how to deal with the wastes for waste characterization. Evaluation methods of biodegradability of industrial wastewater were introduced in order for environmental engineers to be able to decide the proper treatment method of the industrial wastewaters. Industrial processes and characterization discussed in this section might be useful for the selection of suitable methods to prevent pollutant discharge from industrial processes.     

In-Situ Phytoremediation of Pahs Contaminated Soils Following a Bioremediation Treatment

Phytoremediation of pollutants in soils is an emerging technology, using different soil-plant interaction properties. For organic pollutants, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), phytodegradation seems to be the most promising approach. It occurs mostly through an increase of the microbial activity in the plant rhizosphere, allowing the degradation of organic substances, a source of carbon for soil microbes. Despite a large amount of available data in the literature concerning laboratory and short term PAH phytodegradation experiments, no actual field application of such technique was previously carried out. In the present study, a soil from a former coking plant was used to evaluate the feasibility and the efficiency of PAH phytodegradation in the field during a three years trial and following a bioremediation treatment. Before the phytoremediation treatment, the soil was homogenized and split into six independent plots with no hydrological connections. On four of these plots, different types of common plant species were sowed: mixture of herbaceous species, short cut (P1), long cut (P2), ornamental plants (P3) and trees (P4). Natural vegetation was allowed to grow on the fifth plot (P5), and the last plot was weeded (P6). Each year, representative sampling of two soil horizons (0–50 and 50–100 cm) was carried out in each plot to characterize the evolution of PAHs concentration in soils and in soils solution obtained by lixiviation. Possible impact of the phytoremediation technique on ecosystems was evaluated using different eco- and genotoxicity tests both on the soil solid matrix and on the soil solution. For each soil horizon, comparable decrease of soil total PAHs concentrations were obtained for three plots, reaching a maximum value of 26% of the initial PAHs concentration. The decrease mostly concerned the 3 rings PAHs. The overall low decrease in PAHs content was linked to a drastic decrease in PAHs availability likely due to the bioremediation treatment. However, soil solutions concentration showed low values and no signficant toxicity was characterized. The mixture of the herbaceous species seemed to be the most promising plants to be used in such procedure.     

我院创办体育俱乐部的可行性研究

通过文献资料法、观察法、数理统计等研究方法对我院开展体育俱乐部的必要性和可行性，和俱乐部成立后的管理、发展、机构设置进行分析，认为我院创办体育俱乐部作为体育课的延伸和补充是有必要的和可行的。要规范俱乐部的运作模式，明确各管理部门的职责，最终实现俱乐部内部能够完成自身造血，使其健康的发展；通过体育俱乐部，增加体育专业学生实习实训的机会，促进其综合职业能力的提高。     

征地农民合理补偿的可能途径及可行性分析--以上海市为例

对征地农民的补偿往往被看成是征地补偿的一个部分。从而政府不得不在征地农民的合理补偿与商用成本的降低之间做出两难选择。本文认为。对征地农民的合理补偿不应局限于失地的补偿，同时应该包括其脱离农村集体经济的补偿以及其“农转非”后的市民化补助。如果某些制约征地农民补偿的制度及法律上的障碍能够及时加以消除。那么这样的一种合理补偿不仅是可行的，而且是可期待的。     

从道路设计角度改善交通空气质量的可行性分析

道路交通是重要大气污染源之一,随着机动车数量的增加,其排放污染物对环境空气质量和人体健康的影响日益严重。影响道路环境空气质量的主要因素包括机动车排放、扩散状况和受体分布。道路设计能够从道路线形、道路设施及配置等方面影响到机动车运行排放水平并改变污染物扩散,从而影响到公众的污染物暴露水平。从道路线形、地形位置、路边设施(声屏障、树木绿化)等方面综述了道路设计要素对路边空气质量影响的研究现状,表明了从量化道路设计指标角度改善交通空气质量的可行性;在美国道路建设和环境符合性方面的政策分析基础上,分析了我国道路建设总流程中环境考虑要素,以期为进一步完善我国道路设计导则提供参考。     

Simultaneous removal of NO and SO2 from dry gas stream using non-thermal plasma

In order to investigate the feasibility of sequential removal NO and SO_2 using non-thermal plasma and adsorbent simultaneously,the removal of NO and SO_2 from dry gas stream(NO/SO_2/N_2/O_2)with very little O_2 using non-thermal plasma was investigated using a coaxial dielectric barrier discharge.Comparative experiments were carried out in the dry gas stream with and without Ar respectively at O_2 concentration of 0.1%.The results showed that NO could be removed remarkably and it would be enhanced in the presence of Ar in the dry gas stream.It seems that SO_2 could not be removed unless there is Ar in the dry gas stream.The mechanism of removal of NO and SO_2 in the dry gas stream was discussed.     

环境水体中油的采样工具的设计及其可行性研究

由于油在水中呈不均匀分布的特性,所以有关环境水体中油的采样工具,一直是环保部门关注的焦点。为此提出了“理想（或称假想）水柱”的概念,并依此设计出一种在环境监测工作中使用的便携式测水中油用采样器,适用于工业废水、生活污水及污染的地表水的采取。其特点是,一个底部可开闭的采样器,采样器中的采样瓶（包括瓶底衬盖、瓶底盖）与内拉杆、外套管通过螺纹联接,移动内拉杆、外套管,便可以方便地采取一定面积下的含油水柱。采样瓶装卸简单,运输方便,在实验室中可将其直接用作操作瓶。用这种采样器,计算结果将更接近真实情况。本装置已于９２ 年１２ 月３０日获国家发明专利,专利号：８９１０２４７１．９,证书号：１６３８１。     

云南某矿山清洁生产影响因素分析

综述了云南省某矿山清洁生产现状,分析了影响矿山清洁生产的因素.使用技术包括废水处理、土地复垦技术以及矿石废石的综合利用,同时分析了经济、管理、产业政策因素对该矿山清洁生产的影响.并对提高矿山清洁生产提出了相应的建议.对矿山企业推行清洁生产具有一定的指导意义.     

德阳市再生水利用可行性与利用前景分析

德阳市面临着资源型和水质型双重缺水。＂5.12＂汶川大地震不仅严重影响了德阳市经济的持续高速发展,同时也使德阳市节水型社会建设试点工作遇到了前所未有的困难。震后德阳市经济社会恢复重建将进一步加大对水资源和水环境的压力。因此,开展再生水的利用是震后德阳市实现经济社会可持续发展亟待解决的现实问题。本文在介绍德阳市的水资源和水环境质量状况的基础上,分析了德阳市开展再生水利用的可行性,并对再生水的利用前景进行了预测,提出了安全、稳步推进德阳市再生水回用的建议。     

Economic Feasibility Study for Phosphorus Recovery Processes

Phosphorus recovery from wastewater has become a necessity for sustainable development because phosphorus is a non-renewable essential resource, and its discharge into the environment causes serious negative impacts. There are no economic incentives for the implementation of phosphorus recovery technologies because the selling price of rock phosphate is lower than phosphorus recovered from sewage. The methodologies used to determine the feasibility of such projects are usually focused on internal costs without considering environmental externalities. This article shows a methodology to assess the economic feasibility of wastewater phosphorus recovery projects that takes into account internal and external impacts. The shadow price of phosphorus is estimated using the directional distance function to measure the environmental benefits obtained by preventing the discharge of phosphorus into the environment. The economic feasibility analysis taking into account the environmental benefits shows that the phosphorus recovery is viable not only from sustainable development but also from an economic point of view.