冷季型草坪草对再生水灌溉响应及适宜性评价

以北京市常见冷季型草坪草多年生黑麦草、高羊茅和草地早熟禾为对象,借助于CAT、POD、MDA、脯氨酸、叶绿素等生理指标,采用室内盆栽的方法研究再生水灌溉下冷季型草坪草的生理反应,及各种生理指标与基质盐分累积的关系,对3种草坪草2种水源灌溉生理适宜性进行综合评价。结果表明:再生水中盐分含量刺激多年生黑麦草和高羊茅体内保护型酶活性保持较高水平,从而保持较强的生理优势,再生水作用使得草地早熟禾生长发育受阻,但盐分不是造成生长受阻的主导因素。在盆栽条件下,不同草坪草对不同灌溉水源生长适宜性由强至弱依次为再生水高羊茅,自来水高羊茅,自来水草地早熟禾,再生水多年生黑麦草,自来水多年生黑麦草,再生水草地早熟禾。     

浅析荧光法测定蓝藻生物量的可行性

比较荧光法与群落计数法的测定方法和实验结果,用t检验法分析两种方法的差异性,通过回归分析验证荧光法测定蓝藻生物量的稳定性和线性响应性,认为荧光法测定蓝藻生物量可行。     

试论四川省开展排污权交易制度

排污权交易制度作为一种环境保护的经济手段,是市场经济体制下控制污染的有效措施,对于实现“十二五”规划纲要中关于总量控制战略目标具有积极的意义。本文阐述了排污权交易制度的内涵,并根据四川省经济发展水平和排污的实际情况,提出了四川省开展排污权交易的必要性,分析了四川省开展排污权交易制度的可行性,并讨论了四川省在开展排污权交易时必须处理好的几大问题,以期为四川省开展排污权交易制度提供一些有价值的参考和依据。     

厌氧氨氧化技术处理高浓度氨氮工业废水的可行性分析

厌氧氨氧化(Anammox)技术是一种新型自养生物脱氮工艺,处理低C/N比、高浓度氨氮废水具有突出优势.本文总结了厌氧氨氧化技术的应用现状和不同工业行业高氨氮废水的水质特征,分析了氨氮、有机物等因素对厌氧氨氧化菌的影响,讨论了厌氧氨氧化技术处理高氨氮工业废水的可行性,最后对其在工业废水处理领域的研究重点做出了展望.     

四氯化硅综合利用模式的建立与可行性分析

随着国内多晶硅产业的快速发展,多晶硅主要副产物四氯化硅的环境污染问题日益突出,有效利用四氯化硅、减少环境污染是当前急需解决的问题。提出了采用循环经济理念,建立以多晶硅产业为中心的生态工业园区来解决四氯化硅综合利用难题,并从技术、经济和政策上作可行性分析,得出建立以多晶硅产业为中心的生态工业园区是解决我国多晶硅行业四氯化硅综合利用难题的有效方法和途径。     

Comparing indicators to rank strategies to save potable water in buildings

The main objective of this paper is to compare indicators based on energy consumption and financial savings to rank strategies to save potable water in buildings. The method is based on potable water savings, embodied energy, energy consumption for operation, and investment feasibility analysis; and it was applied to a school in the city of Florianópolis, southern Brazil. The strategies considered to save potable water were rainwater, greywater, water-efficient appliances, and their combinations. The embodied energy was estimated using indices of embodied energy per mass of material, and labour. The indicators used to rank the strategies were potential for potable water savings, index between potable water savings and embodied energy or total energy consumption, net present value, internal rate of return, discounted payback, and index between potable water savings and initial costs. All strategies and combinations were feasible, but the use of water-efficient appliances was the best. Amongst the indicators used to rank the strategies, five of them led to the same ranking. Such indicators can be applied to rank potable water saving strategies in other types of buildings and climates.     

武汉市小型燃煤锅炉改燃气初探

为了解决武汉市大气环境污染问题，近几年将逐步以清洁的气体燃料（四川天然气）代替燃煤，大批的燃煤锅炉将被燃气锅炉取代。在限制使用燃煤锅炉、普及发展燃气锅炉的阶段，可将具有改造条件的燃煤锅炉改燃气，因此，对武汉市小型燃煤锅炉改造实施过程中的若干问题进行了讨论。     

资源/环境效率分析在区域产业发展规划环境影响评价中的应用——以某区域能源开发利用规划环评为例

对于工业发展规划环评,其重要内容之一在于分别论述规划的产业结构、规模、布局的环境合理性,从而筛选出最优规划方案或对规划方案提出合理的调整建议。资源/环境效率分析是对区域资源承载力、环境容量及经济发展指标的有效结合。本文介绍了该方法的概念、工作程序、应用实例、应用注意事项及局限性。该方法能够评价规划产业结构在既定经济目标前提下的环境可行性,同时,对于环境不可行的规划产业结构,该方法能提出合理的调整建议。     

人工湿地处理低水平放射性废水的技术可行性

针对低水平放射性废水的特点,结合人工湿地的去除机理,对湿地植物、基质和微生物在放射性废水处理中的原理和作用进行了分析,分析认为湿地植物通过植物提取、根际过滤和植物固定对低放重金属进行去除,基质的吸附和微生物的吸收、吸附及转化作用也是低放重金属去除的重要途径。并且阐述了当前的技术难点和未来的研究方向,指出在植物培育与选择、微生物的筛选及驯化、基质的选择和湿地系统的安全措施等方面还存在很多的难点。分析表明,应用人工湿地处理低水平放射性废水在技术上是可行的。     

Cost-benefit analysis of water-reuse projects for environmental purposes: a case study for Spanish wastewater treatment plants

Water reuse is an emerging and promising non-conventional water resource. Feasibility studies are essential tools in the decision making process for the implementation of water-reuse projects. However, the methods used to assess economic feasibility tend to focus on internal costs, while external impacts are relegated to unsubstantiated statements about the advantages of water reuse. Using the concept of shadow prices for undesirable outputs of water reclamation, the current study developed a theoretical methodology to assess internal and external economic impacts. The proposed methodological approach is applied to 13 wastewater treatment plants in the Valencia region of Spain that reuse effluent for environmental purposes. Internal benefit analyses indicated that only a proportion of projects were economically viable, while when external benefits are incorporated all projects were economically viable. In conclusion, the economic feasibility assessments of water-reuse projects should quantitatively evaluate economic, environmental and resource availability.