固定化曝气生物滤池处理采油废水

采用一种特殊载体固定复合微生物B350M在曝气生物滤池反应系统中处理采油废水.废水中的盐度>0.5%,N、P营养缺乏,有机物浓度较低.在HRT为4h、COD容积负荷为1.07 kg/(m³·d)的条件下,小试反应装置稳定运行142d,处理效果良好,石油类、TOC、COD和H₂S的平均降解效率分别达到90.5%、74.4%、85.6%和100%.GC-MS分析表明,进水中含有机物27种,其中烷烃类23种,芳烃类4种.此反应系统可以将大分子量烷烃类物质(C₁₈H₃₈至C₂₈H₅₈),尤其是其中的支链烷烃切碎形成小分子量物质,并有效地处理菲等多环芳烃.反应系统中,生态多样性丰富,载体为微生物提供了良好的水、气环境,抵御盐度、有机污染物的毒害作用,并可以固定丝状菌,因而避免出现污泥膨胀,出水SS过高等影响出水水质的情况.     

水中氯化物测定的不确定度评定

根据硝酸银滴定法测定水中氯化物的含量，分析了该方法测量不确定度的来源，评定了水中氯化物的测量不确定度，在各不确定度中，以标准溶液配制与样品分析时滴定消耗的硝酸银体积引入的不确定度较大。     

Isolation of culturable mycobiota from agricultural soils and determination of tolerance to glyphosate of nontoxigenic Aspergillus section Flavi strains

Glyphosate-based herbicides are extensively used in Argentina's agricultural system to control undesirable weeds. This study was conducted to evaluate the culturable mycobiota [colony forming units (CFU) g^?1 and frequency of fungal genera or species] from an agricultural field exposed to pesticides. In addition, we evaluated the tolerance of A. oryzae and nontoxigenic A. flavus strains to high concentrations (100 to 500 mM – 17,000 to 84,500 ppm) of a glyphosate commercial formulation. The analysis of the mycobiota showed that the frequency of the main fungal genera varied according to the analyzed sampling period. Aspergillus spp. or Aspergillus section Flavi strains were isolated from 20 to 100% of the soil samples. Sterilia spp. were also observed throughout the sampling (50 to 100%). Aspergillus section Flavi tolerance assays showed that all of the tested strains were able to develop at the highest glyphosate concentration tested regardless of the water availability conditions. In general, significant reductions in growth rates were observed with increasing concentrations of the herbicide. However, a complete inhibition of fungal growth was not observed with the concentrations assayed. This study contributes to the knowledge of culturable mycobiota from agricultural soils exposed to pesticides and provides evidence on the effective growth ability of A. oryzae and nontoxigenic A. flavus strains exposed to high glyphosate concentrations in vitro.     

辐射化学剂量计在强脉冲混合辐射场测定中的应用

本文讨论了将硫酸亚铁剂量计和铜－铁剂量计用于强脉冲混合辐射场测定的实验设计,利用直径２２０毫米的聚乙烯球,将硫酸亚铁剂量计的快中子响应降低到２０％以下,由它和完全暴露在中子、γ混合场中的硫酸亚铁剂量计响应之差,测量中子吸收剂量。这种方法两次实际用于强脉冲混合辐射场中子、γ吸收剂量测量,得到的结果和热释光剂量计、固体径迹探测器的测量结果进行了比较,在±２５％的误差范围内一致     

DEVELOPING A FIELD COMPONENT IN HYDROLOGIC EDUCATION1

ABSTRACT: Recent assessments have emphasized the lack of a field and laboratory component in hydrologic education at the university level. Consequences of this lack include: (1) an unwarranted faith in published data; (2) lack of appreciation for the spatial and temporal variability of most hydrologic processes; (3) lack of appreciation for the difficulty of collecting good quality field data; (4) an inability to design and execute projects to collect field data; (5) a lack of field experience which can be applied when confronted with different problems or new environments; (6) an inability to evaluate published materials or models against “field reality;” (7) an excessive reliance on, and trust in, theoretical or conceptual models; and (8) reduced potential for lifelong learning through observation and analysis. Field courses need not be costly or difficult, but the instructor must be willing to adapt to the uncertainty and problems associated with field measurements. A recently updated course on watershed measurements at Colorado State University illustrates the type of field courses which can be developed if there is the necessary commitment and flexibility. The lack of a current text can be overcome by assembling selected portions of existing government documents, and a sample bibliography is included.     

PROBLEMS IN WEIGHTING OF HYETOGRAPHS1

ABSTRACT: It was found that the conventional weighting factor application to hyetograph ordinates results in artificially attenuated storm patterns. A modified weighting procedure is suggested which allows adjustments in the storm timing, peak intensity, and volume but conserves the storm pattern observed at the raingage nearest to the watershed point of interest. The systematic underestimation of peak flood flows, which result from conventional hyetograph weighting, can be avoided by conserving the hyetograph shape from the raingage nearest to any subarea of a modeled watershed and merely applying weighting factors to the rainfall volumes and temporal center of gravity of several hyetographs.     

A FIELD EVALUATION OF THE EFFECTS OF HEATED DISCHARGES ON FISH DISTRIBUTION1

ABSTRACT. Studies were conducted to determine the distribution of fish in the New and East Rivers in relation to thermal discharges from Appalachian Power Company's fossil fuel plant at Glen Lyn, Virginia. Over 15,300 specimens representing 41 species were collected with seines, electrogear and rotenone at six sampling locations from February, 1973 to October 1973. Sampling frequency was designed to evaluate the effects of ambient temperature upon preferred temperature. Diversity indices were calculated for each location. There was a slight decrease in the diversity indices for those stations located in the thermal discharge. Condition coefficients calculated for Notropis albeolus Jordan, Notropis rubellus Aqasaiz, Notropis spilopterus Cope, Ictalurus punctatus Rafinesque, and Etheostoma blennioides Rafuesque were found to be significantly (p =.05) lower in the thermal discharge for all species tested except E. blennioides. Temperatures were plotted against frequency of capture to determine a particular species temperature selection from field data and indicated that: (1) Some species avoided high temperatures (i.e., Curnpostoma anomalum Rafuesque). (2) Some species were attracted to high temperatures (i.e., Ictalurus punctatus). (3) Some species distribution was not effected by temperatures (i.e., Notropis spilopterus).     

室内环境中化学污染物质测定法研究

室内环境中化学污染物质的测定是研究和解决室内环境问题的基础。本文以甲醛和挥发性有机化合物两种室内环境中的主要化学污染物质为例,介绍了目前世界各国采用的各种测定法及其动向,并探讨了测定时期、测定时间、采样点布置等有关问题,提出了一些看法供参考。     

Early Effects of Atmospheric Ammonia Deposition on Calluna Vulgaris (L.) Hull Growing on an Ombrotrophic Peat Bog

This paper reports data from a field study investigating the impacts of elevated ammonia (NH₃) deposition on Calluna vulgaris growing on an ombrotrophic peat bog in S.E. Scotland. Shoot extension, foliar N concentrations, chlorophyll concentration and chlorophyll fluorescence were measured during the second growing season of exposure to a gradient of ammonia concentrations. Results indicate that NH₃ increases growth between 150–200 kg N ha^–1y^–1 cumulative deposition. Foliar N content increased significantly in response to NH₃ cumulative deposition up to 400 kg N ha^–1 y^–1 whereas chlorophyll a content significantly decreased. Measurements of Fv/Fm suggest that although NH₃ exposure altered the growth and reduced chlorophyll a, the efficiency of photosystem II was insensitive to NH₃-N deposition at this stage.