Calibration and Validation of Far Field Dilution Models for Outfall at Worli, Mumbai

The city of Mumbai, India with a population of 15 million discharges about 2225 MLD of domestic wastewater after partial treatment to adjoining marine water body. Under the Mumbai Sewage Disposal Project Scheme, sewage is being disposed to the west coast at Worli and Bandra through 3.4 kms long submarine outfalls. A field study was conducted at recently commissioned outfall diffuser location at Worli, at the onset of neap flood tide to study the dispersion patterns and measure the far field dilutions using radio and dye tracers. Estimated dilutions using different tracers were compared with outputs from an empirical model (Brooks) and a 2D numerical model (DIVAST). Validation using parameters such as BOD and FC, indicated a good match for BOD in near field compared to FC. The radiotracer ⁸²Br and Rhodamine WT generally gave good correlation with Brooks' and DIVAST models for nearfield, however at further distances predictions were not accurate.     

Field Surveys of Ozone Symptoms on Spontaneous Vegetation. Limitations and Potentialities of the European Programme

Within the European intensive forest monitoring programme, the native vegetation on permanent Level II plots has been monitored for visible ozone injuries. The main purpose of the programme is to assess the potential risks for the forest vegetation and the natural ecosystems at the intensive monitoring plots. During the first years of the programme the surveys were qualitative, reporting only the number and the name of the symptomatic species in selected Light Exposed Sampling Site. In 2003 a new plot design was tested, based on the distribution of a number of miniplots along the edge of the forest, so as to obtain quantitative findings about the occurrence and distribution of the symptoms. The problems that still persist are related to: (i) the forest edge assessed for ozone symptoms may have a different floristic composition from the Level II plot itself; (ii) the anthropic pressure and the disturbances affecting the forest edge alters the floristic composition; (iii) the variability of the plant composition in the forest edge, which makes comparability difficult between different sites; and (iv) the evaluation of symptoms in several species that have not yet been experimentally tested. Further difficulties are due to the fact that symptoms observed in the field are often aspecific and cannot, therefore, be attributed solely to the phytotoxic action of ozone. To improve the effectiveness of the European programme, it is necessary: (i) to individualise and select common sensitive plant species for homogeneous ecological regions; (ii) to enhance experimental activities to test the sensitivity of a large number of plant species.     

磁处理水对蚕豆根尖细胞的遗传学效应

利用蚕豆根尖细胞微核测试技术研究了磁化水（4200GS）对蚕豆根尖细胞的微核率、有丝分裂指数、染色体桥率、不正常细胞率等遗传学指标的影响,目的是探讨磁处理水对生物体的遗传学效应,结果发现上述指标均有所上升,其中微核率和不正常细胞率上升显著,并且其大小与水在磁场中处理的时间长短有关,提示磁处理水（4200GS）有一定的遗传学毒性     

我国环保系统科研机构科技人员年龄构成分析

介绍了1994年我国环保系统106个科研机构的科研人员年龄构成的现状?随着人事制度的改革,涌现出一批年轻的学科带头人,但是年龄老化的问题仍比较严重?分析了造成目前环保科研队伍年龄构成不太理想的原因,并对改变这种状况提出建设性意见      

我国年平均流场的分布特征与污染物输送分析

通过对1986年我国主要低空各层平面流场?经纬圈垂直剖面图以及国内各测站的年?月平均风场资料的特征分析,得到各站的边界层内普遍存在一个最大风速区的结论,并归纳出低空风随高度分布的6种典型廓线?初步得出:我国污染物输送在水平方向及垂直方向上均以国内输送为主,但在东部?南部沿海与周边国家和地区亦存在互有输入?输出的输送      

噪声方向结构的主观评价研究

通过对自由场、混响场和介于两者之间的声场以及自由场中不同射方向等不同的方向性结构下噪声的响度和吵闹度和心理试验研究,得到了不同方向结构噪声的主观感觉差异程度,以及主观感觉所对应的声压级定量差值。     

改装 Model 42S 化学发光氮氧化物仪测定大气中NO-NOx-NOy

将美国Ｍｏｄｅｌ４２Ｓ化学发光ＮＯ－ＮＯｘ测定仪改装为ＮＯ－ＮＯｘ－ＮＯｙ同机测量．使用ＮＨ４ＮＯ３标定了不锈钢ＮＯｙ转化器．在６６０±１０℃,不锈钢转化器对ＨＮＯ３和ＮＨ３的转化效率分别为１００％和８０％—９０％．在该温度下,没有发现Ｎ２Ｏ被不锈钢转化器转化为ＮＯ．改装后仪器的分辨率、检测限、响应速率和线性度均未改变．根据对ＨＮＯ３的研究结果,该仪器的ＮＯｙ转化器带来的测量误差不大于５％．使用改装后的仪器连续测定了大气中的ＮＯ－ＮＯｘ－ＮＯｙ,得到可靠、合理的数据     

基于ai智能图像的工控火电现场爆炸风险评估

对工控火电现场爆炸风险进行评估时,若采用人工识别现场图片信息的方法,容易导致现场图片特征信息采集不准确,存在评估耗时长、评估效率低和评估结果不准确的问题。针对该问题,提出1种基于ai智能图像的工控火电现场爆炸风险评估方法;通过自适应融合方法提取工控火电现场ai智能图像中的特征信息,根据特征信息对工控火电现场ai智能图像进行识别;结合层次分析法和问卷调查法,选取工控火电现场爆炸风险评估指标;在图像识别结果的基础上,通过风险等级集合、评估指标权重,建立工控火电现场爆炸风险评估模型,并与另外2种工控火电现场爆炸风险评估方法进行了对比。研究结果表明:所建方法能够缩短评估时间,且评估效率较高、评估结果准确率较高。     

软岩大断面隧道二次衬砌支护时机的选择研究

为探明软岩大断面隧道开挖后围岩的变形与支护时机的相关关系,利用监控测量数据反演分析中获得的蠕变参数,校正ABAQUS的D-P蠕变模型;在此基础上建立数值计算模型,对具有代表性的围岩进口浅埋段、出口浅埋段和洞身段进行了相关的数值分析,研究软岩大断面隧道岩体的变形规律和支护时机之间的关系;通过埋设现场监控量测点对二衬支护时机的结果进行了验证。研究结果表明:出口和进口浅埋段的V级围岩,开挖后岩体的变形速率大、时间短,选择以最终位移量的80%为最佳支护时机,二衬的最佳支护时机为隧道开挖支护后的15 d左右;洞身段IV级围岩具有变形速率小、时间长,以最终位移量的90%为最佳支护时机,洞身段二衬的最佳支护时机为隧道开挖支护后的30 d左右。现场验证表明,选择的二次衬砌支护的时机是可行的。     

冷板冻结物理模拟试验研究

为了提升地铁工程盾构管片破损抢险应急救援能力,在广佛线某区间地铁隧道管片冻结封水工程中使用矩形截面的外置冻结器—冻结冷板。采用物理模拟试验,对混凝土结构外敷冷板冻结形式下的冻结规律进行系统研究,研究单排冷板、双排冷板及冻结盘管的冻结温度场变化规律,分析不同布置形式下冻结壁的界面、主面温度分布特征。研究结果表明:在冷板冻结形势下,主、界面温度分布曲线在浅部呈对数曲线形式,随深度的增加逐渐过渡成线性分布,冻结器与冻结介质的热交换面积大小对冻结效果影响比重大,适当的布置形式能大大提高冻结效率和效果。冷板冻结形式可以有效加强土层与混凝土结构交接面的冻结效果,提高交界面上胶结强度,提高冻结施工安全。