USE OF DELPHI METHODOLOGY TO ASSESS GOALS AND SOCIAL IMPACTS OF A WATERSHED PROJECT1

ABSTRACT: The major objective is to report the way the Delphi methodology was employed in an environmental study aimed at identifying and ranking goals and social impacts of Cooper Dam and Reservoir Project located in the East Texas area. The Delphi procedures were modified to accommodate the nature of social field under study. Data were collected through personal interviews from twenty-seven respondents representing the government agency responsible for planning the Project and three communities geographically contiguous to the project. The respondents were provided an initial list of the Project's goals and social impacts and were asked to rank them in terms of degree of importance and to add to the list other goals and impacts that they would consider necessary. Respondents were interviewed in two successive rounds. Data show that on the whole the Delphi procedures were helpful in action analysis of the Project by identifying and ranking its goals and social impacts in terms of selected criteria.     

Quantifying dry NH3 deposition to an ombrotrophic bog from an automated NH3 field release system

Providing an accurate estimate of the dry component of N deposition to low N background, semi-natural habitats, such as bogs and upland moors dominated by Calluna vulgaris is difficult, but essential to relate nitrogen deposition to effects in these communities. To quantify the effects of NH₃ inputs to moorland vegetation growing on a bog at a field scale, a field release NH₃ fumigation system was established at Whim Moss (Scottish Borders) in 2002. Gaseous NH₃ from a line source was released along of a 60 m transect, when meteorological conditions (wind speed >2.5 m s^–1 and wind direction in the sector 180–215°) were met, thereby providing a profile of decreasing NH₃ concentration with distance from the source. In a complementary study, using a NH₃ flux chamber system, the relationships between NH₃ concentrations and cuticular resistances were quantified for a range of NH₃ concentrations and micrometeorological conditions for moorland vegetation. Cuticular resistances increased with NH₃ concentration from 11 s m^–1 at 3.0 g m^–3 to 30 s m^–1 at 30 g m^–3. The NH₃ concentration data and the concentration-dependent canopy resistance are used to calculate NH₃ deposition taking into account leaf surface wetness. The implications of using an NH₃ concentration-dependent cuticular resistance and the importance for refining critical loads are discussed.     

晋普山煤矿3~#风井主要通风机安全技术参数测定与分析

晋普山煤矿原有 1#、2 #两个回风井 ,随着生产的扩大 ,新开掘了 3#回风井 ,并新安装了 2台 2K60 -№ 2 8风机即 5 #、6 #风机。根据《煤矿安全规程》的要求 ,在新风机投入运行之前 ,必须进行性能鉴定 ,同时为掌握 3#风井新安装的两台风机实际性能 ,对矿井通风系统改造提供依据 ,笔者分别对 5 #、6 #风机叶片安装角为 2 5°、2 0°和 15°进行了性能鉴定。根据鉴定结果进行了合理分析。     

Thermal Effects on the Airflow in a Street Canyon – Nantes'99 Experimental Results and Model Simulations

The thermal effects on the airflow within a street canyon, which are produced by the variation of direct solar heating of the street sides and ground, are examined in this article. The investigation is based on the experimental results of the Nantes'99 campaign and numerical simulations performed with the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) code CHENSI using the standard k- model. The Nantes'99 experimental campaign was performed in a North-to-South oriented central street canyon of Nantes, France. It was observed that a thin thermal layer develops locally within a few centimetres from the heated wall. It is anticipated that, the convective flow close to the windward wall, which was visualised during the experiment, carries air masses from the street level upwards, where normally cleaner air is transported. Consequently, thermal effects may be important for the air quality in the street.Based on the temperature and wind flow measurements, the flow and temperature fields were simulated first in two dimensions with the CFD code CHENSI. It was found that CHENSI overestimates the thermal effects on the canyon airflow showing the main re-circulation simulated in the isothermal case to change into two counter-rotating vortices after the inclusion of the heating of the windward wall. A reason for this overestimation is possibly the temperature wall function implemented for such thin thermal boundary layers in conjunction with the limitations in grid resolution.     

玉米抗低温助长剂田间试验研究

为防御东北玉米低温冷害,研制了一种新型的玉米抗低温助长剂,其抗低温效果已为人工温控试验所证实。本项研究采用分期播种、地理播种和田间多处理对比试验方法,检验该化学制剂在影响玉米发育、生物量及产量性状方面的实用效果,并探求其适宜的浓度配比和喷施期次。研究结果表明,该制剂具有促生长、促早熟和使作物高产的性能,可防御延迟型冷害。施用时以1：400倍液和在营养生长期内两次喷施为佳。     

田间增强UV-B辐射对麦田生态系统Fe营养和累积的影响

研究大田栽培和自然光条件下,模拟ＵＶ－Ｂ辐射（ＵＶ－Ｂ,２８０ｎｍ ～３１５ｎｍ ）增强对麦田生态系统Ｆｅ营养和累积的影响．在４ 个生育期中,ＵＶ－Ｂ辐射显著增加叶和穗Ｆｅ含量,显著降低根Ｆｅ 含量,并改变茎Ｆｅ 含量．叶Ｆｅ累积对ＵＶ－Ｂ辐射的响应有明显的生育期之间的差异． 分蘖期无显著变化,拔节期和扬花期显著增加,而成熟期显著降低．在各生育期,ＵＶ－Ｂ辐射显著降低叶、根和穗Ｆｅ累积．ＵＶ－Ｂ辐射显著降低春小麦不同生育期Ｆｅ总累积,在５．３１ｋＪ·ｍ^-2 ＵＶ－Ｂ辐射下,降低最显著．ＵＶ－Ｂ辐射还降低春小麦群体Ｆｅ输出．麦田土壤速效Ｆｅ含量增加是春小麦群体Ｆｅ输出降低的结果,可能导致土壤库中Ｆｅ 储量的增加．     

半干半湿烟气脱硫反应塔湿壁现象的分析

半干半湿烟气脱硫工艺特别适合我国中小型工业锅炉烟气脱硫的需要。提高脱硫效率、降低脱硫剂消耗主要依赖增湿程度的提高。然而,加湿会带来湿壁从而改变工艺干法特征,加速腐蚀,影响系统稳定性等问题。通过对一套工业试验性半干半湿FGD系统反应塔湿壁现象的测试分析发现:塔内涡流滞流区的存在,是湿壁的主要原因;塔壁与主流间过大的温差也经常导致结露湿壁。      

速度场系数在烟气流速测定中的应用与研究

烟气流速测定是气态污染源排放总量监测的重要内容,关键问题是如何将连续监测系统的固定点烟气流速转化为监测断面的平均烟气流速。通过用参比方法对连续监测系统流速测定值进行校准,求出该监测断面的速度场系数。通过对两套连续监测系统的校准全过程的研究,证明速度场系数为一基本稳定值,经一段时间复验后其变化仍在容许范围之内,可用其对连续监测系统进行流速校准。      

火灾中温度升高对蛋白质构象影响的计算机模拟(Ⅰ)

应用分子力学原理进行了温度对肽链构象影响的计算机模拟,模拟结果显示,火灾中环境温度升高对生物分子的结构和功能是一个很敏感的因素之一,天然生物分子因吸热而使自身构象发生异常变化,进而与特定构象紧密联系的生物活性丧失,发生变性,模拟结果对于从分子水平上揭示火灾对生物体的危害具有重要意义.     

生物视觉的研究

生物视觉是目前科学技术研究的热点之一。笔者通过对生物视觉形态学方面的深入研究 ,探讨了生物视觉产生、发展的结构与机制 ,尤其研讨了视觉通路的解剖结构、感受野分层等级假设、视觉信息的并行处理性质及视觉皮层间的反馈和整合作用等。同时还介绍了当前生物视觉方面的研究进展