磷及环境因子对太湖梅梁湾藻类生长及其群落影响

在太湖梅梁湾进行的围隔试验表明,藻类生长与水华形成受气候(如水温、风浪)与营养因子(如N,P)影响。统计分析发现各点硝态氮均与叶绿素a显著负相关,在不同围隔中水温、总磷、总氮等与叶绿素a显著相关。各围隔中优势种主要为蓝藻,尤其是微囊藻类。加磷对藻类生长与群落结构均有影响,但磷营养不是目前太湖水华爆发的关键因素。     

核电厂野外示踪试验的三维数值模拟研究

为深入分析国内某拟选滨海核电厂址的大气扩散特征,在现场野外示踪试验的基础上,采用计算流体动力学（CFD）软件Fluidyn-PANACHE,结合三维GIS、结构化贴体网格构建、区域加密等技术方法,创建了可模拟野外示踪试验的精细化大气扩散模拟系统.相比于高斯模式,CFD模式能够更好地模拟示踪剂在不同下风距离处的峰值浓度和烟羽宽度,对近场及复杂下垫面条件下的扩散模拟更贴合实际,且可在稳态模拟的基础上获得连续变化风场中接近实时模拟的仿真效果.模拟结果的偏差统计分析表明,CFD稳态模拟和高斯模拟的统计学评价指标均位于国际公认的可接受范围内,CFD模拟的随机偏差优于高斯模拟.因此,CFD模式可用于辅助和优化其他核电厂址的野外示踪试验工作,提高我国核安全审评的效率和针对性.     

Pre‐training perceived social self‐efficacy accentuates the effects of a cross‐cultural coping orientation program: Evidence from a longitudinal field experiment

Analyzing additional data from a longitudinal field experiment, the present research investigate whether pre‐training perceived social self‐efficacy (PSSE) may moderate cross‐cultural training effectiveness. On the basis of the interactionist perspective, we hypothesized that sojourners with high pre‐training PSSE would benefit more from a cross‐cultural coping orientation program, called “Realistic Orientation Program for Entry Stress” (ROPES), than sojourners with low pre‐training PSSE. As a result, the treatment effects (the ROPES program over the control program—a traditional cross‐cultural orientation program) would be more positive for high‐PSSE sojourners than for low‐PSSE sojourners. Seventy‐two incoming graduate students from East Asia entering a large US public university were randomly assigned to either a ROPES program or a control program, and were assessed pre‐entry and multiple times post‐entry. The results strongly supported our predictions, as the hypothesized PSSE × Treatment interactions were observed on a comprehensive set of training outcomes based on multisource data. Theoretical and practical implications were discussed. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

水质总氮空白实验分析及改进措施

在总氮测定过程中,空白测试是必不可少的分析试验.但在实际操作中,发现空白值经常存在偏高的情况,加大了系统误差.如何降低分析空白实验值,保证分析样品的精密度和准确度,成为测定过程的关键之一.本文从试剂影响、器皿影响、操作过程影响及环境影响等方面全面分析,并以实验数据予以验证.在此基础上提出降低空白值的手段和措施,以指导实验室操作实践.     

苏云金芽胞杆菌基因工程菌WG-001和1125BG在盆栽土壤中的安全性评估

自从遗传改造微生物诞生以来,其安全性问题受到了持续关注和研究.本文报道了苏云金芽胞杆菌基因工程菌WG-001和1125BG在盆栽大白菜的土壤环境中的安全性评估结果.实验结果表明:当用工程菌WG-001和1125BG分别以1013 cfu/cm2和1010 cfu/cm2的高土壤密度喷洒盆栽大白菜后,工程菌菌数迅速上升而后逐渐下降,最后分别以相对较低的菌数水平(105 cfu/g干土样和106 cfu/g干土样)在实验土壤中稳定存在;对土壤中土著细菌群落在有限时间(15d)内产生了一定影响,而对土著真菌与放线菌无显著影响;未发现工程菌WG-001中特异基因发生丢失;未检测到工程菌WG-001和1125BG中特异基因(WG-001为cry1Aa和cry1Ac,1125BG为gfp)向土著细菌、真菌、放线菌和盆栽大白菜的水平转移.本文实验结果显示,高密度喷洒的两种工程菌未显著影响实验土壤环境,具有很高的安全性.同时发现以不同的喷药量喷洒两种工程菌后,在盆栽土壤中其存活水平、菌数降低的速率以及对土著细菌的影响能力都表现出不同的特点.     

施工场地内安全标志位置的有效性研究及其应用

为提高施工场地内安全标志的可见性,选择建筑施工场地内常见的门架式出入口作为研究对象,采取理论推导与实验验证相结合的方法,探讨在观察行为中门架式安全标志的有效布置位置.首先在理论层面,从观察者的角度出发,通过研究行走路径、视野以及安全标志可见域之间的关系,推导出门架式安全标志有效布置区域的理论表示范围;然后在实验验证层面...     

Full scale amendment of a contaminated wood impregnation site with iron water treatment residues

Iron water treatment residues are a free by-product with high concentration of iron oxides Iron water treatment residues has a large potential for arsenic sorption Soils are highly contaminated by arsenic at wood preservation sites Iron water treatment residues were added to hot spots contaminated with arsenic The addition led to significant decrease in leaching of arsenic from the contaminated soil Iron water treatment residues (Fe-WTR) are a free by-product of the treatment of drinking water with high concentration of iron oxides and potential for arsenic sorption. This paper aims at applying Fe-WTR to a contaminated site, measuring the reduction in contaminant leaching, and discussing the design of delivery and mixing strategy for soil stabilization at field scale and present a cost-effective method of soil mixing by common contractor machinery. Soil contaminated by As, Cr, and Cu at an abandoned wood impregnation site was amended with 0.22% (dw) Fe-WTR. To evaluate the full scale amendment a 100 m² test site and a control site (without amendment) were monitored for 14 months. Also soil analysis of Fe to evaluate the degree of soil and Fe-WTR mixing was done. Stabilization with Fe-WTR had a significant effect on leachable contaminants, reducing pore water As by 93%, Cu by 91% and Cr by 95% in the upper samplers. Dosage and mixing of Fe-WTR in the soil proved to be difficult in the deeper part of the field, and pore water concentrations of arsenic was generally higher. Despite water logged conditions no increase in dissolved iron or arsenic was observed in the amended soil. Our field scale amendment of contaminated soil was overall successful in decreasing leaching of As, Cr and Cu. With minor improvements in the mixing and delivery strategy, this stabilization method is suggested for use in cases, where leaching of Cu, Cr and As constitutes a risk for groundwater and freshwater.     

火灾下沉管隧道热力耦合分析及防火实验研究

为研究具有排烟结构的大跨沉管隧道火灾下力学行为,综合采用火灾动力学模拟软件FDS和结构分析软件ANSYS,对无防火措施下的温度场及结构响应规律进行分析,并通过防火材料的实验炉高温试验研究防火效果与防火方案。结果表明火灾位置的不同对结构影响区别较大,结构应力重分布显著,部分位置有开裂、压溃可能,产生最大变形3.6mm,防火宜采用双层搭接防火板。     

基于地表沉陷控制的膏体充填材料的性能优化研究

充填材料性能是充填开采控制地表沉陷的一个重要因素,为克服传统充填材料性能优化试验耗时长、成本高、人为误差较大的缺点,探索将传统正交试验与模糊决策相结合进行充填材料性能优化。基于L9(33)正交试验,确定了S1~S55组充填材料性能优选方案。在综合分析充填材料性能影响因素的基础上,建立充填材料性能优化指标体系,构建AHP-FUZZY模糊综合优选模型对方案进行比选,并分析了正交试验中各因素水平变化对最优方案的敏感性。结果表明:膏体充填材料性能最优方案为“S4”即水泥含量15%,灰矸比1∶2,质量浓度75%,决策结果与试验结果相符,且“灰矸比”对充填材料性能优化的敏感性程度最高,在实际膏体充填开采中要严格控制粉煤灰和煤矸石掺量。     

Mobilization of arsenic from technosols in a short-term dynamic column experiment

The release of arsenic from technosols was monitored using short-term dynamic leaching of homogeneous soil columns with native solution. Large amounts of readily available arsenic (16 mg kg^?1) were extracted from arsenic-rich ashy samples while representing less than 4 wt % of their total contents. In the first hour of leaching, the observed concentrations of water-soluble arsenic ranged from 650 to 830 μg L^?1, further increasing in the following leachates. The results showed that the concentrations of water-soluble arsenic were several times higher than the recommended limits for drinking water. Yet, most of arsenic is strongly bound to amorphous aluminosilicate phases. The contents of arsenic in the studied plant samples, including calculated transfer factors, confirmed that increased concentrations of arsenic in the soil of geological environment affected by dam failure of a coal ash pond may have a negative effect on crops since arsenic becomes part of the food chain.