MULTISCALE INFLUENCES ON PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL STREAM CONDITIONS ACROSS BLUE RIDGE LANDSCAPES1

ABSTRACT: Streams integrate biogeochemical processes operating at broad to local spatial scales and long term to short term time scales. Humans have extensively altered those processes in North America, with serious consequences for aquatic ecosystems. We collected data on Upper Tennessee River tributaries in North Carolina to: (1) compare landuse and landscape geomorphology with respect to their ability to explain variation in water quality, sedimentation measures, and large woody debris; (2) determine if landscape change over time contributed significantly to explaining present stream conditions; and (3) assess the importance of spatial scale in examining landuse influences on streams. Stream variables were related to both landuse and landscape geomorphology. Forest cover accounted for the most variation in nearly all models, supporting predictions of nutrient enrichment, thermal pollution, and sedimentation caused by landscape disturbance. Legacy effects from past catchment disturbance were apparent in sedimentation measures. Nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations, as well as stream temperature, were lower where riparian buffers had reforested. Models of stream physicochemistry fit better when predictors were catchment wide rather than more localized (i.e., within 2 km of a site). Cumulative impacts to streams due to changes in landuse must be managed from a watershed perspective with quantitative models that integrate across scales.     

新庄煤矿井下出现不明雾气原因分析

根据新庄煤矿 1110 1进风巷出现不明雾气 ,笔者认为 ,研究和分析该雾气的成因及是否有毒 ,对煤矿安全生产和矿工的生命安全与健康至关重要。通过现场气象测定和实验室模拟试验 ,确定了雾气成因 ,经雾气发生地点采样分析 ,空气中未发现有毒气体。经实测分析和研究表明 ,进风巷雾气成因是 :当突然打开 1110 1工作面回风巷道中的调节风门时 ,巷道气压突然降低 ,空气膨胀 ,温度有所下降 ,使得空气中的水分凝结 ,从而形成雾气。通过实验室模拟实验再现了这一过程 ,表明对雾气现象的分析和研究的结果是正确的     

中庭机械排烟系统的实验研究

本文是国家科技进步重点项目“失火中庭烟气控制”(No-98-04-03)的一部分。文章采用正交实验法，对影响中庭机械排烟过程中烟气层高度的排烟量，火源释热速率，排烟口及排烟口各因素之间的交互作用等因素进行了研究。实验表明：排烟量大小，排烟口数量和火源释热速率对烟气层高度的影响特别显著；排烟口间距，排烟口间距与数量的交互作用以及排烟口位置对烟气层高度有明显影响；排烟口大小，排烟口数量与位置，数量与大小，间距与位置．间距与大小，位置与大小之间的交互作用确影响不明显。     

复杂矿井通风系统分支阻力可调性数值研究

笔者应用数字实验方法 ,通过调节分支阻力 ,研究它对通风系统的影响。研究结果表明 :当一些分支的阻力调到接近完全隔断风流的极大值时 ,网络分析结果仍然正常 ,不影响迭代技术 ;同样也说明了分支阻力预先输入的可行性 ;各分支阻力的变化对通风系统的影响程度是不一样的 ,这由分支在通风网络中的位置决定 ;通过分析 ,给出了通风系统中两风机的相互影响的情况。     

A NEW METHOD FOR ESTIMATING FUTURE RESERVOIR STORAGE CAPACITIES1

ABSTRACT: A new method has been developed for estimating future reservoir storage capacities, allowing for sediment deposition and compaction. Reservoir sedimentation surveys for 117 reservoirs, conducted by the Illinois State Water Survey over the past 60 years, were used to determine regional constants K to represent the severity of sediment deposition in the reservoirs. More than half of the 82 water supply reservoirs investigated had records of reservoir sedimentation surveys, and their K values were calculated by using data from those sediment surveys. The average K values of the remaining non-surveyed water supply reservoirs were estimated from the regional distribution of the K values. Other important factors considered in the estimation of future reservoir storage capacities are the trap efficiency of the reservoirs and the variation of density of sediment deposits due to compaction. The model can also be used for analyzing the economics of alternative sites and of design features that can be incorporated in dams for reducing reservoir sedimentation.     

云区催化增水的数值模拟试验

本文以常规气象资料为初值,用载水的原始方程模式,对早春时节我国北方一次低压层状云区的浓密、过冷空域,进行模拟催化增水的数值试验。与相同初值下的预报结果相比,催化区及其邻近地区出现大面积降水。模拟试验的结果从一个方面说明,通过对云区催化实现大面积增水,在科学上是可行的;以载水数值模式进行数值模拟试验,指导人工催化作业,有助于做到以较小的经济代价,取得较好的增水效果。     

SEDIMENT AND WATER YIELDS FROM MANAGED FORESTS ON FLAT COASTAL PLAIN SITES1

ABSTRACT: Sediment losses and water yields were measured for five years on nine forested watersheds in the Gulf Coastal Plain of Arkansas. After one year of pretreatment measurements, three watersheds were clearcut and mechanically site prepared, three were selectively harvested, and three control watersheds were left undisturbed. Sediment losses and water yields were similar for the selectively harvested and cohtrol watersheds during all four post-treatment years. However, clearcutting with mechanical site preparation significantly increased sediment losses and water yields above levels measured on other watersheds. Increased sediment losses persisted for two years, while water yields increased for one year. Although sediment losses from clear-cutting were greater than for other treatments, actual losses averaged only 264 kg/ha and 63 kg/ha for the first and second post-treatment years, respectively. The relatively low sediment losses are attributed to the flat terrain and the relatively low flow discharge rates that typify these sites.     

副产液体SO2的烟气脱硫技术

介绍了资源化法烟气脱硫技术的工艺原理和工艺流程.相关试验表明,资源化法烟气脱硫技术具有脱硫效率高、设备投资省、运行费用低、可靠性高、操作简便、实现硫资源的回收利用等诸多优点.     

活性粉末混凝土双向拉压强度试验研究

活性粉末混凝土具有超高强度、高韧性、高耐久性及高温度适应性等特点,为一种新型的混凝土材料。通过科学的方法建立一套处于平面应力状态的活性粉末混凝土构件(如受弯构件的弯剪段)的安全设计,双向拉压应力状态下的强度准则是必需的。采用15个“8”字形试件,选取了5个不同拉压应力比工况,进行了强度试验,其试验结果表明不同拉压应力比工况的试件,其破坏形态均为拉断型破坏;随着拉应力的增大,活性粉末混凝土的抗压强度随之减小。依据试验结果,建立了活性粉末混凝土双向拉压应力状态下的实用强度准则,对于处于平面应力状态的活性粉末混凝土构件的安全设计具有较强的实用价值。     

高职《西方经济学》教学新策略——课堂实验的探索

在教学中，经济学理论抽象难以理解，经济学家在20世纪中叶将实验方法引入经济学研究。我院在《西方经济学》的教学中，模拟完全竞争市场、货币创造实践等课堂实验，通过学生参与和教师引导的方法，调动学生的学习热情和兴趣，摆脱僵化的、单向的、平面化的模式，探索互动、双向、探索式的教学模式。