不锈钢钢渣单颗粒成分分析及用于烟气脱硫的模拟试验

为研究不锈钢钢渣化学成分及用于烟气脱硫的可行性,采用电子探针微区分析技术对太原钢铁(集团)有限公司不锈钢钢渣进行单颗粒形貌和组分分析,然后测定钢渣中游离氧化钙含量和浆液的pH,在此基础上,开展了将其用于烟气脱硫的模拟试验,研究了钢渣干湿状态、粒径对脱硫效率和失效时间的影响。结果表明,不锈钢钢渣颗粒呈不规则形状,主要成分包括CaO、MgO、Al2O3、SiO2等,其中游离氧化钙占4%~7%;钢渣浆液呈碱性。浸湿状态下80目以上钢渣脱硫率大于60%,失效时间170min。表明不锈钢钢渣具备一定的烟气脱硫潜力,可以考虑用来"以废治废"。     

The Effect of Channelization on Floodplain Sediment Deposition and Subsidence Along the Pocomoke River,Maryland1

Kroes, Daniel E. and Cliff R. Hupp, 2010. The Effect of Channelization on Floodplain Sediment Deposition and Subsidence Along the Pocomoke River, Maryland. Journal of the American Water Resources Association (JAWRA) 46(4): 686-699. DOI: 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2010.00440.x Abstract: The nontidal Pocomoke River was intensively ditched and channelized by the mid-1900s. In response to channelization; channel incision, head-cut erosion, and spoil bank perforation have occurred in this previously nonalluvial system. Six sites were selected for study of floodplain sediment dynamics in relation to channel condition. Short- and long-term sediment deposition/subsidence rates and composition were determined. Short-term rates (four years) ranged from 0.6 to 3.6 mm/year. Long-term rates (15-100+ years) ranged from −11.9 to 1.7 mm/year. ¹³⁷Cs rates (43 years) indicate rates of 0.24 to 7.4 mm/year depending on channel condition. Channelization has limited contact between streamflow and the floodplain, resulting in little or no sediment retention in channelized reaches. Along unchannelized reaches, extended contact and depth of river water on the floodplain resulted in high deposition rates. Drainage of floodplains exposed organic sediments to oxygen resulting in subsidence and releasing stored carbon. Channelization increased sediment deposition in downstream reaches relative to the presettlement system. The sediment storage function of this river has been dramatically altered by channelization. Results indicate that perforation of spoil banks along channelized reaches may help to alleviate some of these issues.     

Sediment and carbon accumulation in a small tidal basin: Yuehu,Shandong Peninsula,China

A small sedimentary basin (the Yuehu lagoon), located at the eastern tip of Shandong Peninsula, China, was selected to study its filling by sediment and the vertical flux of particulate organic carbon in response to natural/anthropogenic processes. Surficial and short core sediment samples were collected and analyzed to obtain data sets of grain size, organic carbon content, deposition rates and vertical fluxes of sediment and organic carbon. The analytical results show that the lagoon is covered mainly with fine-grained sediments with high deposition rate and particulate organic carbon content being found from the central part of the mud deposit. The sediment balance of the lagoon indicates high denudation rates of the catchment basin, which may be related to soil erosion in response to farming and land use pattern changes. Furthermore, preliminary analysis of the organic carbon fluxes of the Yuehu lagoon and other embayments of the region shows that these coastal systems make an important contribution to the regional shallow sea carbon burial.     

核电站核事故核素污染评估模式

利用修正了的高斯模式探讨核电站核素污染事故中的核素扩散。分析了边界条件,气象条件和核素衰变规律对核素扩散污染的影响,并进一步讨论了核素的污染范围,距源距离及核素的沉积量,可作为确定应急安全的理论依据。     

九曲桥行人运动实验与模拟研究

公共场所中的人群疏散是行人疏散动力学研究中的重要内容。基于九曲桥行人运动观测实验对转角区域的行人运动特征进行研究,并利用人员疏散模拟软件Pathfinder模拟了因激励作用所导致的行人速度提高对通行效率的影响。结果表明,由于行人的停留、拍照行为导致转角内区域出现了明显的行人变换走道现象;行人在转角内区域出现的停留、超越行为导致行人速度出现大幅度波动,最低速度约为0.2 m/s,最高速度约为0.7 m/s;与转角后区域相比,行人密度变化对转角内区域的行人速度的影响更小,单位流量的影响更大;由于观测实验中行人停留、拍照等行为的存在,相同密度下转角后区域行人运动速度、单位流量均低于P&M平直通道模型;适当的激励作用有助于减轻行人拥堵,提高通行效率,当行人速度达到较高水平后效果不再显著。     

膨胀颗粒污泥床处理玉米酒精糟液的生产性试验

通过高温膨胀颗粒污泥床(EGSB)处理玉米酒精糟液的生产性试验研究,证明EGSB处理玉米酒精糟液能够取得很好的处理效果.反应器运行2个月即形成颗粒污泥,成功地实现了反应器的快速启动;启动后反应器运行稳定,COD负荷可达到29kg/(m³·d),去除率在90%以上.本研究不仅解决了废水处理的实际问题,而且带来了显著的经济效益和社会效益.     

苯胺泄露至土壤中的迁移及应急处置试验模拟研究

通过Batch法研究了土壤吸附苯胺的动力学特征;通过土柱试验模拟了苯胺在土壤中的扩散,同样通过土柱试验研究了两种应急处置方法。试验结果表明,土壤吸附苯胺的反应呈现快速反应和慢速反应两个阶段,以快速吸附反应为主;苯胺在土壤中的扩散浓度与扩散深度的关系可用指数方程表征。通过动力学吸附试验和苯胺在土壤中的迁移试验的结果,确定了挖掘距表面层50ram的污染土壤和在污染表面撒粉末活性炭吸附两种有效的应急处置方法。     

沉淀池中异重流对混凝沉淀效果影响的试验

沉淀池中异重流会给混凝沉淀带来不良影响,为了提高混凝沉淀效果,防止异重流对絮凝池的间接影响,本研究对平流沉淀池中异重流的形成原因进行讨论,并对异重流的特性进行试验研究与分析。研究表明:控制水流流型的稳定性是对沉淀池中异重流进行控制的主要措施。     

数值模拟方法在二维沉淀池优化设计中的应用

简要介绍了数值方法在沉淀池悬浮物浓度计算中的应用方法 ,并尝试通过数值模拟过程建立起沉淀池沉降效率与几何尺寸间的关系 ,将其作为约束条件之一建立了一个简单的沉淀池优化设计模型。最后通过实例阐明了这种基于数值计算的优化设计模型的可行性和优势     

肥料对土壤重金属有效态及水稻幼苗重金属积累的影响

为探究施用不同肥料对红黄泥和河沙泥农田土壤中Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd有效态含量的影响,通过盆栽试验,研究了施用7种肥料（猪粪、鸡粪、紫云英、商品有机肥、磷肥、复合肥、化肥）对土壤重金属有效态含量及水稻幼苗重金属积累的影响.结果表明:①红黄泥中复合肥处理能显著增加Zn有效态含量,比对照增加57.0%,猪粪处理显著降低了Cu、Pb、Cd有效态含量,比对照降低22.1%、13.4%、20.0%.②不同处理河沙泥中Cu有效态含量变化不显著,复合肥处理显著增加Zn有效态含量,比对照增加23倍,化肥处理显著增加Pb有效态含量,比对照增加31.6%,施用复合肥显著增加Cd有效态含量,比对照增加30.6%.③红黄泥中商品有机肥、紫云英处理显著增加水稻根Cd含量,且紫云英处理效果更明显,比对照增加1.92倍,猪粪、鸡粪、商品有机肥、磷肥处理均降低了水稻秸秆Cd含量,且商品有机肥作用更明显,比对照降低58.7%.④在河沙泥中商品有机肥、紫云英处理显著增加了水稻根Cd含量,且商品有机肥处理效果更明显,比对照增加4.27倍,猪粪、鸡粪处理均降低了水稻秸秆Cd含量,且鸡粪作用更明显,比对照降低29.2%.研究显示,不同处理土壤中Cu、Zn有效态含量差异明显;磷肥处理能显著降低红黄泥中Pb有效态含量,猪粪、鸡粪、紫云英处理可显著降低红黄泥中Cd有效态含量,复合肥处理能显著增加河沙泥Cd有效态含量;猪粪、鸡粪处理均能降低红黄泥和河沙泥中水稻秸秆Cd含量.