Ti/SnO2-RuO2-Sb电极电氧化处理五氯苯酚模拟废水研究

采用刷涂-热解法制备了Sb、Ru掺杂的Ti/SnO2电极。通过SEM、EDX、XRD和循环伏安扫描(CV)表征了电极表面形态、组成、结构和电化学性质,并通过正交试验考察了电催化氧化降解五氯苯酚的影响因素。结果表明,各因素对五氯苯酚转化率影响的大小顺序依次为:底物初始质量浓度、反应温度、反应时间、电流密度、初始溶液pH值。在底物质量浓度为50mg.L-1,反应温度50℃,反应时间180min,电流密度40mA.cm-2,溶液初始pH值为8的条件下五氯苯酚的转化率达到97.6%。     

走向高抽巷抽放采空区瓦斯数值模拟与试验分析

为获取走向高抽巷抽放瓦斯的合理参数,依据采空区瓦斯运移基本方程,采用FLUENT数值模拟的方法确定走向高抽巷的最佳抽放位置,即竖直方向高度为综采工作面底板上方20m,倾斜方向距上风巷水平距离为14 m,并在张集矿1111工作面进行现场试验;从试验效果来看:采用FLUENT数值模拟方法确定走向高抽巷位置是可靠的,布置合理的走向高抽巷具有抽放瓦斯浓度高、瓦斯抽放量大和稳定性好的优越性,能有效地解决综采工作面和上隅角瓦斯超限问题,以确保矿井安全生产;抽放参数可在类似矿区加以推广应用,安全效益、经济效益和社会效益明显.     

外墙保温材料在火灾中的燃烧现象小尺寸实验研究

利用外墙保温材料的小尺寸燃烧实验来研究外墙保温材料在火灾过程中的燃烧特性,分析总结外墙保温材料在火灾过程中的燃烧现象.建立外墙保温材料火灾实验模型,对外墙保温材料火灾实验的实验方法以及数据测定方式进行了介绍.采用不同阻燃性质的保温材料,研究阻燃成分阻止竖向燃烧的效果.观察不同的保温材料在燃烧过程中的点燃性能.根据材料的阻燃性能、点火位置、固定方式的不同,总结燃烧痕迹的变化规律.分析非阻燃材料在燃烧的过程中的熔滴生成,发现产生的熔滴对未燃保温材料的点燃现象.观察不同的保温材料在燃烧过程中的烟气生成及烟气层的形成.通过小尺寸火灾试验的方法来研究建筑外墙保温材料火灾的特性,提出使用阻燃型外墙保温材料的必要性.     

城市管道天然气在土壤中泄漏扩散实验研究

天然气在土壤中扩散行为的实验研究对埋地管道泄漏点的科学定位及泄漏事故的预防具有重要意义.采用全尺度气体泄漏实验系统,模拟真实埋地管道泄漏场景,对泄漏后的天然气在土壤中的扩散对流过程进行实验研究.基于自行研制的气体检测与数据采集系统和GasClam地下气体在线监测仪,分析天然气在土壤中的对流扩散规律.结果表明:埋地管道泄漏后天然气在土壤中的对流扩散过程可以分为4个阶段:孕育阶段、陡然增长阶段、缓慢增长阶段和稳定阶段,其浓度随泄漏时间的变化过程符合S型曲线特征.天然气扩散至检测点所需时间与距泄漏口距离呈现近似的幂指数关系.当检测点位于泄漏口附近区域时,泄漏压力起主导作用.当检测点位于远离泄漏口区域时,泄漏量起主导作用.     

埋地石油管道交流腐蚀风险等级评估

随着我国现代化进程的加快,管道建设与电力设施的建设呈现出高速发展的局面.然而,高压交流、直流电力设施对埋地管道存在着严重的干扰腐蚀情况.采用正交实验的方法,重点关注交流腐蚀对埋地管道的影响因素,并得出其相互间的数学关系,然后综合腐蚀机理以及正交实验结果,通过正交实验的筛选过程确定主要因素、次要因素以及影响较小的因素,选择合理的指标,运用故障树分析、专家咨询以及二手资料的分析法,并参考国内外的研究现状,全面吸收、归纳、重组、增删现有的评价指标,建立埋地管道交流腐蚀风险等级评估指标体系,运用模糊数学综合评价的方法全面系统的评估交流腐蚀风险等级,从而为埋地管道的安全管理提供可靠的数据.     

Relationship between near-surface morphological traits of familiar plants and their ability for sediment retention in a dry-hot valley北大核心CSCD

To explore the sediment interception capacity of plants and its relationship with the surface morphological traits of plants, we used laboratory simulations and off-site flume experiments to study the ability for sediment retention of six familiar species: Leucaena leucocephala (LL), Melia azedarach (MA), Dodonaea viscosa (DV), Coriaria sinica (CS), Heteropogon contortus (HC), and Eulaliopsis binata (EB) aver two growth periods in the dry-hot river valley of the Jinsha River. We analyzed the relationship between near-surface morphological traits of individuals of six species and their ability for sediment retention. Our study resulted in three main observations. (1) In the flume experiment, three-month seedlings and one-year old seedlings of the six species showed different abilities for sediment retention. In the three-month seedlings, the ability for sediment retention of CS was the highest, followed by MA and LL, whereas it was the lowest in HC and EB. However, in one-year old seedlings, the ability for sediment retention of CS was the highest, but the ability for sediment retention of HC and EB was better than those of MA and LL. Hence, the ability for sediment retention of the six species fluctuated between different growth periods. (2) The three-month old and one-year old seedlings of all six species showed different near-surface morphological traits. (3) The sediment mass was significantly and positively correlated with near-surface leaf areas, crown lengths, crown widths, stem dry matter densities at the intersection volume, and above-ground biomass, but significantly and negatively correlated with the angle between stem and ground, indicating that these latter are the main near-surface morphological traits able to affect sediment retention. In addition, the sediment mass was also correlated (positively and negatively) with the stem epidermal crack number, stem dry matter content, leaf dry matter content at the intersection volume, and dry mass per unit volume of the intersection volume, which could also reflect the ability of sediment retention. We conclude that in the areas where plant measures are used to control soil erosion and intercept sediment, the key, above-mentioned plant morphological factors should be taken into account in order to select the optimal plant species. © 2018 Science Press. All rights reserved.     

Acidogenic sludge fermentation to recover soluble organics as the carbon source for denitrification in wastewater treatment: Comparison of sludge types

For biological nitrogen (N) removal from wastewater, a sufficient organic carbon source is requested for denitrification. However, the organic carbon/nitrogen ratio in municipal wastewater is becoming lower in recent years, which increases the demand for the addition of external organic carbon, e.g. methanol, in wastewater treatment. The volatile fatty acids (VFAs) produced by acidogenic fermentation of sewage sludge can be an attractive alternative for methanol. Chemically enhanced primary sedimentation (CEPS) is an effective process that applies chemical coagulants to enhance the removal of organic pollutants and phosphorus from wastewater by sedimentation. In terms of the chemical and biological characteristics, the CEPS sludge is considerably different from the conventional primary and secondary sludge. In the present study, FeCl₃ and PACl (polyaluminum chloride) were used as the coagulants for CEPS treatment of raw sewage. The derived CEPS sludge (Fe-sludge and Al-sludge) was then processed with mesophilic acidogenic fermentation to hydrolyse the solid organics and produce VFAs for organic carbon recovery, and the sludge acidogenesis efficiency was compared with that of the conventional primary sludge and secondary sludge. The results showed that the Fe-sludge exhibited the highest hydrolysis and acidogenesis efficiency, while the Al-sludge and secondary sludge had lower hydrolysis efficiency than that of primary sludge. Utilizing the Fe-sludge fermentation liquid as the carbon source for denitrification, more than 99% of nitrate removal was achieved in the main-stream wastewater treatment without any external carbon addition, instead of 35% obtained from the conventional process of primary sedimentation followed by the oxic/anoxic (O/A) treatment.

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内蒙古典型草原土壤及其水文过程对灌丛化的响应

基于野外观测和室内试验相结合的方法,研究了内蒙古典型草原小叶锦鸡儿灌丛化过程对土壤和土壤水文过程的影响,旨在为干旱半干旱区环境保护和恢复提供理论基础。结果表明,斑块尺度上,灌丛斑块土壤有机质和全氮含量分别是草地斑块的1.54倍和1.16倍;灌丛斑块平均沙粒、粉粒和粘粒含量是草地斑块的0.87倍、1.34倍和1.35倍;灌丛斑块土壤容重是草地斑块的0.97倍;灌丛斑块钙积层上表面出现深度是草地斑块的1.27倍。地形等自然条件也是形成土壤异质性的重要因子,坡面尺度上,灌丛和草地斑块土壤有机质、全氮、土壤容重、土壤钙积层上表面出现深度呈自坡顶向坡下方向增加的趋势。染色示踪实验表明,灌丛斑块土壤剖面湿润锋和土壤水分入渗速率分别是草地斑块的1.36倍和5.16倍,草地斑块0~10cm土层对水分的响应较敏感,而灌丛斑块25 cm以下土层对水分的响应较敏感。研究认为,灌丛化过程增强了土壤空间异质性,灌丛斑块能将土壤水分快速输送并存储于深层土壤中,灌丛斑块是土壤养分和水分富集区,灌木植物的定居和发展过程与土壤形态之间形成了正反馈。     

开展安全质量标准化提升企业安全管理水平

介绍了公司安全质量标准化试点工作的开展情况,总结了试点工作收到的效果,并对下一步如何更深入地开展安全质量标准化,提升企业安全管理水平进行了阐述.     

典型草原抗风蚀能力的实验研究

为了了解人为干扰对典型草原抗风蚀能力的影响,采用风洞实验的方法对不同干扰条件下典型草原原状土的抗风蚀能力进行了研究.不同时间禁牧草原的风洞实验结果表明,禁牧典型草原的风蚀量和风蚀率都明显低于自由放牧草原,而且,在相同风速下,禁牧时间越长,侵蚀率及侵蚀量越小;草原开垦后,土壤的侵蚀率和侵蚀量远远高于典型草原,而且风速越大,相差越大;草原土壤侵蚀率随风速的增加而增加,但受草原土壤可侵蚀量的限制.另外,人工模拟干扰实验表明,典型草原土壤的侵蚀率与干扰程度呈直线相关关系.结果说明:放牧及耕作会使典型草原的抗风蚀能力明显降低,而禁牧可以有效提高其抗风蚀能力.在典型草原区,实行禁牧是遏制草原退化的有效措施.