绕流对称性破缺诱发柔细结构振动研究——以Tacoma大桥风振致毁事故为例

绕流对称性破缺往往对柔细结构产生很大的作用效应,诱发结构振动,严重影响其可靠性和安全性.基于圆柱平面绕流模型,系统分析了实际流体圆柱绕流纵向对称性破缺以及各种情况的横向对称性破缺现象.为了更加深入地理解理论分析的结果,利用Fluent软件对圆柱绕流模型进行了计算机模拟,详细分析了雷诺数为10、20、40、100、200...     

Two leaks detection in viscoelastic pipeline systems by means of transient

This paper presents a technique for detecting and locating leaks in a single viscoelastic pipe, by means of transient analysis. The system studied is a reservoir-pipe-valve structure. The viscoelastic behavior of the pipe wall material is modeled by a generalized KelvinVoigt model. To determine the leak location, the mathematical formulation has been solved by the method of characteristics. The approach by the method of characteristics is often chosen because it is based on the concept of acoustic wave propagation which is the main mechanism of all transient events considered. The presence of the two leaks in a pipe partially reflects pressure waves initiated by the sudden closure of a downstream shut-off valve. These waves affect the shape and the amplitude of the time-history-pressure. The computed results describe the influence of the presence of two leaks on pressure time-history and the effect of leaks locations and sizes on the pressure signal behavior. The effect of the pipe wall viscoelasticity on the two leaks detection and sizing is also discussed. The leaks discharges are determined by resolving two independent equations derived from literatures and based on transient analysis. The friction and leaks depths effects on two leaks locations and sizing are involved.     

注含氧氮气油藏产出气的爆炸极限与临界氧含量研究

西部某碳酸盐岩缝洞型油藏,在注入氮气的过程中,存在着氮气源内含有氧气的问题,这对油田的实际生产产生很大的安全威胁。为了研究该油藏注气的可行性,在室内进行了氮气不同含氧量条件下注入过程、生产过程以及处理过程中的安全性评估实验,得到不同含氧条件下注氮气驱的评价效果。研究表明:在高温高压油藏内部,氧气不会因分子质量较大等原因发生沉积;含氧氮气在油藏内部会与原油发生氧化反应,氧气含量越高,氧化反应越强;氧化产生的CO2对油藏的抽提作用明显,会使油藏流体变稠,气油比降低。文中用化学法和作图法对产出气体的临界氧含量作出简单确定,化学法确定临界氧含量为12%左右,作图法为16%,考虑到安全系数等因素,建议实际生产过程中氧气含量应低于8%。     

地铁突发大客流安全控制方式设计

地铁突发大客流不仅影响单个车站,对整个地铁网也会产生影响.为了保证地铁的正常运营活动,从系统整体联合的角度出发,提出事先预测、系统联合、加强沟通、分级负责的应对突发大客流事件原则;重点设计了大客流情况下的行车组织和车站客流控制方式,提出了自组织与他组织的大客流安全控制措施,并从客流角度对大客流按阶段进行划分控制,以科学、灵活、安全的方式控制大客流.     

离柳矿区石炭系薄层灰岩渗透系数空间分布研究

基于矿井涌水量计算及水资源评价需要,首先运用注水试验代替抽水试验,求取了太原组灰岩含水层的渗透系数.根据后期同一含水层井下放水试验资料,利用VISUAL MODFLOW建立了水文地质三维非稳定流数值模型,通过分区拟合调参,获得了含水层各分区的渗透系数.通过对渗透系数及其空间分布规律的对比研究,发现渗透系数随含水层埋深增大而逐渐减小.注水试验比放水试验所得渗透系数值小,前者是后者的35.6％-50.8％.     

Li-ion battery recycling and cobalt flow analysis in Japan

Batteries sometimes contain precious or toxic substances (e.g. nickel, cobalt, lead, mercury, cadmium). However, the collection and recycling rate of small batteries were low in Japan.We focus on cobalt in lithium ion (Li-ion) batteries and conduct chemical analysis, questioner survey and flow analysis in Japan.Results of chemical analysis showed that the concentration of cobalt in Li-ion batteries was around 20% regardless of the year manufactured or the manufacturer. As a result of the consumer questionnaire survey, it became clear that 70% or more of the small batteries are not being removed when small electronic products are finally disposed. The survey also revealed that recognition of the law and system for collection and recycling of small rechargeable batteries is approximately 30–40%. Substance flow analysis showed that both production and demand for Li-ion batteries (cobalt) have increased during 2002–2010. The collection rate for used Li-ion batteries was about 10% during this period; uncollected batteries were either stored or disposed through incineration and landfill as municipal solid waste.     

紫外法测定水质中总氮的影响因素研究

结合紫外法测定水质中总氮空白校正吸光度值易偏高、测定结果准确度低的问题,分别从检测试剂含氮量、选择实验用水、清洗玻璃器皿、改进实验操作、改进消解环境等多个方面分析了各影响因素对总氮测定的影响,相应提出了采用测定含氮量的方法筛选试剂、新制备的去离子水作为总氮实验用水、每次总氮实验使用新刷好的器皿、增加颠倒混匀步骤提高测定结果的准确度和精密度、高压蒸汽灭菌器应定时清洗换水等对策与建议。     

气体质量流量控制器在汽车VOC检测领域的应用

汽车挥发性有机物组分(VOC)检测过程中,充气和采气体积的计量对检测结果的影响尤为突出.通过气体质量流量控制器与目前VOC检测中常用的恒流气体采样装置的比较,表明在同样满足VOC检测标准要求的情况下,气体质量流量控制器在排除环境干扰等方面体现出更好的稳定性,更有利于汽车VOC检测准确度的提高.     

电子电器生产企业物料流动分析方法研究

有效地控制电子企业环境污染,提高资源的利用率,回收有价值的资源,是电子企业的必然选择。建立了以物质守恒定律为依据的物料流动平衡分析式和平衡图,提出了物料平衡对象的选择,研究了物料流动分析方法,确定数据获取的方法与边界,阐述了提高生产效率、降低物耗和能耗、回收资源的解决方案。     

Estimation of Daily Streamflow of Southeastern Coastal Plain Watersheds by Combining Estimated Magnitude and Sequence

Commonly used methods to predict streamflow at ungauged watersheds implicitly predict streamflow magnitude and temporal sequence concurrently. An alternative approach that has not been fully explored is the conceptualization of streamflow as a composite of two separable components of magnitude and sequence, where each component is estimated separately and then combined. Magnitude is modeled using the flow duration curve (FDC), whereas sequence is modeled by transferring streamflow sequence of gauged watershed(s). This study tests the applicability of the approach on watersheds ranging in size from about 25‐7,226 km² in Southeastern Coastal Plain (U.S.) with substantial surface storage of wetlands. A 19‐point regionalized FDC is developed to estimate streamflow magnitude using the three most selected variables (drainage area, hydrologic soil index, and maximum 24‐h precipitation with a recurrence interval of 100 years) by a greedy‐heuristic search process. The results of validation on four watersheds (Trent River, North Carolina: 02092500; Satilla River, Georgia: 02226500; Black River, South Carolina: 02136000; and Coosawhatchie River, South Carolina: 02176500) yielded Nash‐Sutcliffe efficiency values of 0.86‐0.98 for the predicted magnitude and 0.09‐0.84 for the predicted daily streamflow over a simulation period of 1960‐2010. The prediction accuracy of the method on two headwater watersheds at Santee Experimental Forest in coastal South Carolina was weak, but comparable to simulations by MIKE‐SHE.