双硫腙-CTMAB光度法测定锌的研究

在硼砂 -氢氧化钠缓冲溶液 (p H=1 1 .0 )中 ,溴化十六烷基三甲胺 (CTMAB)存在下双硫腙与锌生成可溶于水的 2∶ 1红色络合物 ,λmax=540 nm ,ε=7.3 0× 1 0 4 L· cm-1· mol-1,锌含量在 0～ 0 .6mg/L内符合比耳定律。本法可用于水样中锌含量的测定     

紫外分光光度法直接测定水中酚

通过实验证明,用紫外分光光度法测定水中挥发酚,方法简便、精密度和准确度较好,适用于地表水、地下水和废水中挥发酚的测定,结果令人满意。     

改性沸石分离富集-火焰原子吸收光谱法测定长江水中镉

采用改性沸石分离富集-火焰原子吸收光谱法测定长江水中微量镉,优化了富集和洗脱条件,讨论了干扰离子的影响。方法在0μg~4.00μg范围内线性良好,检出限为0.214μg/L,长江水平行测定的RSD为1.8%,加标回收率为99.0%~104%。     

测定环境空气中砷及其化合物的方法改进

对《空气和废气监测分析方法》中砷的采样和测定方法进行了改进,并在云南某炼铜厂环境空气中含砷监测进行了实际验证。结果表明,方法的检出限、精密度、准确度均能满足测定的要求,并且更适合测定高浓度砷。     

荧光光谱法在环境监测中的应用

简要综述了荧光光谱在环境监测中近几年的应用。内容包括方法原理、方法的建立,有关荧光体系的研究,以及与其他技术的联用等一些最新进展。指出：荧光光谱法具有灵敏度高、选择性强、试样量少和测定简单等优点,为复杂环境样品中微量元素及痕量物质的分析提价了新手段,与其他手段结合使用,环境分析将具有更加广阔的前景,     

紫外光度法测定地表水中石油类的油标选择

精选了一种新油标。采用这种油标,可使紫外分光光度法测地表水中石油类的令人满意,省工省时。     

紫外分光光度法在水中阴离子表面活性剂标准样品研制中的应用

研究了阴离子表面活性剂水溶液的紫外吸收特性,并将研究结果用于阴离子表面活性剂水质标样的稳定性,均匀性和定值工作,简化了操作手续,获得了准确的分析结果。     

水和废水中黄磷的测定

试验了黄磷在紫外光区的吸收光谱,建立了紫外分光光度法测定水和废水中黄磷的方法.该方法不需酸化、氧化,可在萃取后直接比色测定.当样品中含有石油类干扰物质时,可用含氧化剂的酸性水溶液对萃取液进行反萃取即能将其排除.该方法灵敏,具有测定范围宽、准确度高、精密度好、操作简便等特点.     

Dynamics of Bacterial Abundance,Biomass, Activity,and Community Composition in the Oligotrophic Traunsee and the Traun River (Austria)

The holomictic Traunsee is the deepest and second largest lakein Austria. The special characteristic of this ecosystem isthe fact that local salt and soda industries presumably alterthe lake by the discharge of waste materials. Since thebeginning of the 20th century salt and soda works areannually releasing up to 50,000 tons of solid wastes and up to150,000 tons of chloride into Traunsee. To assess potentialeffects of these anthropogenic impacts on the bacterioplanktonthree sampling sites, influenced as well as not influenced bythe industrial discharge, were chosen for comparison andsampled monthly from November 1997 to October 1998. Bacterialabundance ranged between 0.4 to 3.0 × 10⁶ cells ml^-1 with decreasing numbers along the depth profile. Theproportion of actively respiring bacteria, i.e. INT [2-(4-iodophenyl)-3-(4-nitrophenyl)-5-phenyltetrazolium chloride]reducing cells, never exceeded 10% of DAPI (4',6'-diamidino-2-phenylindole) stained cells. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was used to examine the seasonal and spatial distribution of dominant phylogenetic groups of thebacterioplankton. Up to 84% of bacteria detected with DAPIcould be detected via FISH applying the universal bacterialprobe EUB338. Percentages of alpha- and beta-Proteobacteriaand members of the Cytophaga-Flavobacterium cluster did notexceed 60% of DAPI-stained cells.Beta-Proteobacteriaappeared to be the most abundant group, not only in Traunsee butalso in two reference lakes, Attersee and Hallstättersee. No significant differences in any of the bacterial parameters couldbe detected between the three sampling sites and all measurementswere found in the range reported for oligotrophic lakes. The highdischarge of the Traun River, resulting in a lake water renewaltime of only one year, may diminish possible effects of industrial waste discharge in the pelagic zone.     

USE OF X-RAY FLUORESCENCE TO DETERMINE TRACE METALS IN WATER RESOURCES1

ABSTRACT. The X-ray fluorescence method was used to analyze trace metals collected in particulate form on filter papers and from the ionic state by ion exchange filter papers. The samples were prepared by allowing water to pass through these filter papers. The procedures necessary for using the X-ray fluorescence method are described. A number of samples were taken from the Great Miami River in Dayton, Ohio over one year showing the presence of the following metals, Ca, Ti, Cr, Fe, Cu, Zn, Sr, and Cd. Elements in the periodic table between Ti and Cs were detectable to a sensitivity limit of the order of 30 ppb for metals in the particulate form and 0.4 ppm for metals in the ionic form.