铝改性粉煤灰漂珠吸附水溶液中砷的性能研究

采用湿法与干法相结合的方法合成铝改性粉煤灰漂珠环境材料,借助静态吸附实验研究吸附剂量、pH值、离子强度、共存离子、反应时间和温度对其吸附水溶液中砷性能的影响,并进行吸附等温线和动力学拟合.结果表明:铝改性粉煤灰漂珠吸附水中As(V)的最佳pH值范围为中性偏酸;混合离子和H2PO4-对As(V)的吸附影响较大,CO32-次之;离子强度对As(V)吸附的影响不明显;在温度298K、吸附剂量2.5g/L和反应时间24h的条件下,最大吸附容量约5000μg/g;吸附等温线符合Langmuir单层吸附模型;动力学过程符合准二级动力学模型.     

多氯联苯焚烧处置时烟灰中的二噁瑛

专门用于销毁含多氯联苯（ＰＣＢｓ）固体废弃物的中试焚烧炉,焚烧排放物中含有微量剧毒二（ＰＣＤＤ／ＦＳ）．应用同位素稀释ＨＲＧＣ／ＨＲＭＳ方法测定了烟灰中的ＰＣＤＤ／Ｆｓ含量,以１７种有毒同族体的含量可计算出样品的２,３,７,８－ＴＣＤＤ毒性当量为４７．２ｎｇ／ｇ。     

粉煤灰吸附处理炼油污水中石油类物质的应用研究

以炼油污水气浮后用于冲灰为目的,对粉煤灰吸附炼油污水中的石油类物质进行了初步研究,主要研究了水灰比、与油水的混合时间、静置沉淀时间等因素对粉煤灰吸附石油类效率的影响。研究表明,水灰比对粉煤灰吸附石油类效率的影响最显著。通过正交试验法,找出了粉煤灰处理炼油污水的最优工艺参数组合,为指导现场工作提供了理论依据。同时对粉煤灰吸附处理炼油污水中石油类的性能进行了研究,证实在常温状态下粉煤灰对石油类的吸附等温线符合Freundlich方程。     

Bioavailability of Metals in Fly Ash and Their Bioaccumulation in Naturally Occurring Vegetation: A Pilot Scale Study

A pilot scale study was conducted to find out the different forms of metals if fly ash (FA) and bioaccumulation of these metals in the naturally growing vegetation on FA dumps. The total, acid extractable, bioavailable and water soluble fraction of metals of Fe, Cu, Mn, Zn, Ni, Co and Pb, and their bioaccumulation coefficients (BAC) on naturally growing vegetation were determined. FA samples had a neutral pH, low electrical conductivity, low organic C and trace amounts of N and P. The relative abundance of total metals in FA were found in the order Fe ≤ ≤ Zn ≤ Ni ≤ Co ≤ Cu. The concentration of bioavailable (DTPA) metals depend on the type and nature of coal used in thermal power stations. In the water the extract solution, only Fe and Zn were found above detection limits. After one year only four species of naturally occurring herbaceous vegetation were found growing and Cynodon dactylon (grass) covered almost entire surface of the FA. Iron accumulated to the greatest extent in vegetation followed by Mn, Zn, Cu, Pb, Ni and Co. The sequence of BAC for different metals were Fe (202) ≤ Mn (90) ≤ Zn (63) ≤ Pb (49) ≤ Ni (41) ≤ Cu (24). The experimental study revealed that Cynodon grass could be used for remediation of fly ash without any amendments, as this grass species act as metal excluder type.     

利用生活垃圾填埋场上建设飞灰固化物填埋场适宜性探讨

针对利用原有生活垃圾填埋场改扩建飞灰固化物填埋场,从勘查设计和建设角度,通过与常规生活垃圾填埋的安全和环保各相关因素对比,分析扩建前后填埋场稳定性、防渗及导排系统等勘察设计要点,研讨扩建工程新老填埋堆体基础层、防渗及导排系统等安全环保关键技术及扩建的适宜性,为扩建的可行性研究提出较为系统的技术论证思路.     

Equilibrium study and kinetics of Cu removal from water by zeolite prepared from oil shale ash

Engineered zeolite was produced from oil shale ash by reaction with sodium hydroxide in a closed vessel reactor. This adsorbent was used for removal of copper ions from aqueous solution. The maximum adsorption capacity was 504.6 mg Cu²⁺/g zeolite. Kinetic studies showed that the rate of adsorption of copper is increased with increasing the solution pH and temperature, quantity of the zeolite and agitation speed. The kinetic data were fitted to homogeneous micropore model and found that the mass transfer coefficient and diffusivity of the Cu²⁺ are directly affected by the kinetic parameters. The increase in solution concentration will decrease the mass transfer coefficient while diffusivity is increased.     

改性粉煤灰去除硝基苯废水的研究

粉煤灰经过废硫酸改性处理后吸附能力大大提高,用改性粉煤灰对生化后的硝基苯废水进行了实验研究,实验考察了粉煤灰的投加量、pH值、吸附时间对硝基苯去除率的影响,并对机理进行了分析.粉煤灰改性后应用于硝基苯废水处理中达到以废治废,具有一定的经济意义.     

医疗垃圾焚烧飞灰重金属形态分析

利用原子吸收光谱仪分别对医疗垃圾焚烧飞灰重金属含量和重金属形态及其随颗粒度分布特性进行了分析,结果表明,飞灰中Cd、Zn、Pb等的浸出浓度远超标与这些重金属的可交换态和碳酸盐态含量较高有关;飞灰颗粒度主要在96 μm以下,96～150 μm的颗粒中Cd、Pb含量最高,且Zn、Cd的形态以可交换态为主.     

粉煤灰基混凝剂制备及处理印钞废水研究

将粉煤灰经过超细球磨后再采用微波处理,用于制备粉煤灰基混凝剂。结果表明,超细和微波处理能明显增加混凝剂的产率和性能。通过正交实验确定了去除印钞废水中浊度的粉煤灰基混凝剂的最佳制备工艺条件：粉煤灰/酸比为1∶4（w/v）,粉煤灰/碱比为1∶3（w/v）,熟化温度为40℃。当投加量为5 mL/100 mL时,粉煤灰基混凝剂对印钞废水处理的浊度去除率为98.37％。对粉煤灰基混凝剂的混凝机理进行了分析。     

黄土地区石油钻井废弃泥浆处置对策研究

石油勘探开发过程中大量的废弃钻井泥浆会引起土壤、地表水和地下水的污染。选择长庆油田陕北采区区内5个井场的钻井泥浆进行研究,探索了石油钻井泥浆的处置对策。结果发现,物理方法很难直接从泥浆中分离出水。因此必须先破坏泥浆的胶体结构,使其失去稳定性,才能实现固液分离。为此提出了铁盐破胶,以粉煤灰、石灰为主凝固剂,外加黄土为辅料的泥浆固化处置技术。该技术处理泥浆的优化条件是：三氯化铁用量为0.6%,粉煤灰用量为25%,石灰用量为6%,黄土用量为40%。结果表明,采用该工艺处理废弃泥浆是行之有效的,使处理后水质各项指标均符合《综合污水排放标准》（GB 8978-1996）二级标准。