灰水喷雾增湿简易脱硫工艺的工业试验研究

本文介绍了以灰水作为增湿剂的喷雾增湿简易脱硫工艺的原理、流程、工程概况和工业试验 ,分析并研究了运行效果 ,探讨了存在的主要问题 ,进行了技术和经济评价     

粉煤灰的有效利用

介绍了我国粉煤灰利用状况及政策,结合实例分析了粉煤灰的有效利用和清洁生产对促进粉煤灰有效利用的作用。     

利用粉煤灰改进含铜酸性废水硫化法处理工艺

用粉煤灰对硫化沉淀法处理含铜酸性废水工艺进行改进试验,试验表明粉煤灰有吸附和絮凝沉降的作用,可显著改善单一硫化法沉降速度慢和脱水困难的缺陷。     

气化熔融处理生活垃圾时灰渣的熔融特性

弄清垃圾灰渣的熔融特性对于保证生活垃圾的气化熔融与液态出渣具有重要作用。针对重庆生活垃圾灰与无烟煤灰形成的灰渣,实验研究了在不同的燃料添加量及添加剂条件下灰渣的熔点与粘度,并结合炉温的变化,分析了不同条件对灰渣熔融及液态出渣的影响。结果表明,灰渣的熔点与粘度均随燃料添加量的增加而升高;向燃料比为10%的灰渣中加入添加剂后,灰渣的熔点降低幅度较小,其粘度却随碱度的增加而增大以至熔渣流动性变差;燃料比为40%时,灰渣熔点与粘度均随添加剂的加入而显著降低,且向渣中加入CaO使得灰渣碱度为1.2时灰渣熔点较低且粘度较小,有利于其熔融与液态出渣。     

生活垃圾焚烧副产物产生源特征

焚烧在我国某些城市逐渐开始成为主要的生活垃圾处理方式之一,同时,焚烧过程产生的副产物的二次污染及其性质渐受关注。本研究选取某典型生活垃圾焚烧发电厂,经过2年多在不同季节的多次取样,对其贮坑沥滤液、炉渣以及飞灰的产生状况及污染特性进行了分析,并着重讨论了垃圾中重金属在焚烧厂各股物流中的分布。     

改性粉煤灰去除磷酸盐的试验研究及机理分析

利用改性粉煤灰进行了抗生素废水除磷酸盐的试验研究,考察了改性用酸的种类和浓度、改性粉煤灰投加量、溶液pH值等因素对除磷效果的影响,并对改性粉煤灰的除磷机理进行了探讨。     

垃圾焚烧飞灰熔融过程中重金属的固化机理以及熔渣浸出特性的研究

研究了中国垃圾焚烧飞灰中主要重金属在熔融过程的固定化机理,定义了固定率这个参数来表征此过程。采用了中国和美国的危险废物浸出毒性鉴别方法来判别飞灰及其熔融渣的浸出毒性。研究结果表明,固定率能够较好地表征重金属在熔融过程不同温度阶段的固定情况;按照中国和美国废物浸出毒性鉴别标准,飞灰熔融处理后的熔渣不属于危险废物,具备资源化利用的条件。     

Characteristics of element distributions in an MSW ash melting treatment system

Thermal treatment of municipal solid waste (MSW) has become a common practice in waste volume reduction and resource recovery. For the utilization of molten slag for construction materials and metal recovery, it is important to understand the behavior of heavy metals in the melting process. In this study, the correlation between the contents of elements in feed materials and MSW molten slag and their distributions in the ash melting process, including metal residues, are investigated. The hazardous metal contents in the molten slag were significantly related to the contents of metals in the feed materials. Therefore, the separation of products containing these metals in waste materials could be an effective means of producing environmentally safe molten slag with a low hazardous metals content. The distribution ratios of elements in the ash melting process were also determined. The elements Zn and Pb were found to have a distribution ratio of over 60% in fly ash from the melting furnace and the contents of these metals were also high; therefore, Zn and Pb could be potential target metals for recycling from fly ash from the melting furnace. Meanwhile, Cu, Ni, Mo, Sn, and Sb were found to have distribution ratios of over 60% in the metal residue. Therefore, metal residue could be a good resource for these metals, as the contents of Cu, Ni, Mo, Sn, and Sb in metal residue are higher than those in other output materials.     

污泥飞灰中重金属不同浸出方法比较及综合毒性评价

通过高精度气流分级机对污泥飞灰进行粒径分级:1μm、1~2.5μm、2.5~10μm、10~50μm、50μm.采用HJT299-2007-硫酸硝酸法,HJ557-2009-水平振荡法,美国EPA的毒性浸出方法 TCLP,欧盟危险废物鉴别浸出标准(EN12457-3)对不同粒径飞灰中重金属浸出毒性进行对比研究,根据浸出结果建立了一种重金属浸出综合毒性的评价方法.结果表明,飞灰中的重金属含量及浸出量随飞灰粒径的增加而降低,其中重金属Zn和Cu在TCLP浸出方法中的1μm粒径段的浸出含量最高,分别为107.34 mg·kg~(-1)和318 mg·kg~(-1).TCLP法和硫酸硝酸法的重金属浸出量远高于欧盟(EN12457-3)和水平振荡法.根据比较重金属总体污染毒性指数OPTI值的大小,发现10μm的飞灰的OPTI值远大于10μm的飞灰的OPTI值,说明粒径小于10μm的飞灰更具有毒性,危害性更大.     

Influence of SO2 in incineration flue gas on the sequestration of CO2 by municipal solid waste incinerator fly ash

The influence of CO2 content and presence of SO2 on the sequestration of CO2 by municipal solid waste incinerator(MSWI) fly ash was studied by investigating the carbonation reaction of MSWI fly ash with different combinations of simulated flue gas.The reaction between fly ash and 100% CO2 was relatively fast;the uptake of CO2 reached 87g CO2/kg ash,and the sequestered CO2 could be entirely released at high temperatures.When CO2 content was reduced to 12%,the reaction rate decreased;the uptake fell to 41g CO2/kg ash,and 70.7% of the sequestered CO2 could be released.With 12% CO2 in the presence of SO2,the reaction rate significantly decreased;the uptake was just 17g CO2/kg ash,and only 52.9% of the sequestered CO2 could be released.SO2 in the simulated gas restricted the ability of fly ash to sequester CO2 because it blocked the pores of the ash.