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61.
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63.
利用活化粉煤灰处理造纸废水的研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
通过正交试验,对粉煤灰处理造纸废水的影响因素进行了研究。研究结果表明:对粉煤灰进行活化,能增加其对造纸废水COD的去除效果;最佳的试验设计方案为:粉煤灰经40%硫酸活化、粒度160—200目、投加量为30g/100ml;影响COD去除率的大小顺序为:投加量影响最大,粒度次之,活化方式影响最小。 相似文献
64.
65.
随着生活垃圾焚烧处理方式的不断推广,焚烧飞灰的产生量也不断增加。按照我国固体废物分类方法,焚烧飞灰属于危险废物,必须进一步处置才能进入填埋场或资源化利用。本文分析了飞灰物理化学特性,论述了常规处置技术(水泥固化、化学药剂稳定化、酸溶剂提取和熔融固化等)存在的问题。将原始飞灰直接应用于水泥、混凝土或路基材料,飞灰中高含量的重金属和盐类会产生新的环境问题。飞灰水洗可以高效去除其中的可溶性盐类,水洗飞灰在焙烧后重金属的浸出浓度远低于原始飞灰烧结后的相应浓度,飞灰水洗-焙烧技术具有很好的应用前景。 相似文献
66.
Katsuya Nakayama Kuchar Dalibor Keisuke Sakai Mitsuhiro Kubota Hitoki Matsuda 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2008,10(2):102-109
The present work focuses on investigation of the effective recovery of heavy metals from molten fly ash by applying chloride-induced
volatilization. In particular, the effect of unburned carbon on the chloride-induced volatilization of lead, zinc, and copper
from model and real molten fly ashes was investigated in the temperature range 873–1173 K under a N2 atmosphere. As a result, almost 100% of lead and a significant proportion of zinc were volatilized from the real molten fly
ash samples at 1173 K. In contrast, for the model fly ash, volatilization ratios of lead and zinc at 1173 K were only 85%
and 25%, respectively. Further, the results of X-ray diffraction analysis suggested that PbO in molten fly ash was converted
either to Pb2OCl2 or Pb by respective chlorination and reduction reactions. Meanwhile ZnO and CuO in the molten fly ash were reduced to Zn
and Cu by reaction with unburned carbon. Subsequently, Pb, Zn, and Pb2OCl2 were volatilized, but Cu remained in the solid residue. Finally, the volatilization ratio of zinc increased with the addition
of carbon, and more than 98% of zinc was volatilized at 1173 K from a fly ash with a carbon content of 20%. 相似文献
67.
Leaching behavior of heavy metals from municipal solid waste incineration bottom ash and its geochemical modeling 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Hua Zhang Pin-Jing He Li-Ming Shao Xin-Jie Li 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2008,10(1):7-13
With the increase in the number of municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) plants constructed in China recently, great attention
has been paid to the heavy metal leaching toxicity of MSWI residues. In this study, the effects of various parameters, including
extractant, leaching time, liquid-to-solid ratio, leachate pH, and heavy metal content, on the release properties of Cd, Cr,
Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn from MSWI bottom ash were investigated. Partial least-squares analysis was employed to highlight the interrelationships
between the factors and response variables. Both experimental research and geochemical modeling using Visual MINTEQ software
were conducted to study the pH-dependent leaching behavior of these metals in fresh and weathered bottom ash, considering
precipitation/dissolution and surface complexation reactions (adsorption by hydrous ferric oxide and amorphous aluminum oxide/hydroxide).
The results showed that leachate pH was the predominant factor influencing heavy metal leachability. The leaching of Cu, Pb,
and Zn was mainly controlled by precipitation/dissolution reactions, whereas surface complexation had some effect on the leaching
of Cr, Cd, and Ni for certain pH ranges. The modeling results aggreed well with the experimental results.
Part of this work was presented at the Fourth International Conference on Combustion, Incineration/Pyrolysis and Emission
Control (i-CIPEC) 相似文献
68.
The fly ash treated by H2SO4 was used as a low-cost adsorbent for the removal of a typical dye, methylene blue, from aqueous solution. An increase in the specific surface area and dye-adsorption capacity was observed after the acid treatment. The adsorption isotherm and kinetics of the treated fly ash were studied. The experimental results were fitted using Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. It shows that the Freundlich isotherm is better in describing the adsorption process. Two kinetic models, pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order, were employed to analyze the kinetic data. It was found that the pseudo-second-order model is the better choice to describe the adsorption behavior. The thermodynamic study reveals that the enthalpy (ΔH0) value is positive (5.63 kJ/mol), suggesting an endothermic nature of the adsorption. 相似文献
69.
碱熔融法合成NaA和NaX型粉煤灰沸石的品质表征 总被引:10,自引:2,他引:8
以粉煤灰为原料采用碱熔融法合成了2种单一沸石矿物种的NaA和NaX型沸石,并对产物的结构、性能和应用指标进行了详细表征.经x射线衍射和IR光谱分析,表明合成产物是无杂晶生成的NaA和NaX型沸石相;在扫描电镜观察下,产物分别具有NaA和NaX型沸石的立方体和八面体晶体骨架结构.DTA分析表明了合成产物中沸石水的存在,且产物热稳定性较好.通过对比,粉煤灰合成的NaA和NaX型沸石的比表面积达到了相应商品沸石的66.9%和83.6%;孔容为41.1%和70.2%;阳离子交换容量(CEC,cation exchange capacity)为82.93%和84.31%.通过比较化学组成表明,大规模应用合成产物不会对环境造成危害. 相似文献
70.
杉木观光木混交林群落的能量生态 总被引:13,自引:3,他引:10
对杉木观光木混交林群落能量的研究结果表明:混交林中观光木地上部分灰分含量以皮最高,而杉则以叶最高,两者GCV(干重热值)和AFCV(去灰分热值)均以叶为最高;观光木、杉木地下各部分的灰分含量均随径级的减小而增加,GCV均以粗根最高,细根最低;观光木的平均灰分含量高于杉木,但GCV和AFCV均低于杉木;从乔木层、灌木层到草本层,灰分含量依次增加,GCV和AFCV则依次降低,混交林群落的能量现存量公占群落的很小一部分,而其能量年净增量、归还量和净固定量却占有一定比重,混交林群落的太阳能转化率为1.57%,而纯林为1.44%,表明杉观混交林是一种能量生产力较高和维持地力能力较强的杉阔混交类型。同时,混交林的能量累积比大于纯林,能量流动速率则低于纯林;乔木层的能量累积比高于林下植被,能量流动速率则低于林下植被,从能量的角度看,构建合理的群落结构必须选择高能量累积比的乔木层树种,同时须促进能量流动速率快的林下植被的发育以维持和提高地力。 相似文献