高掺比粉煤灰-微珠保温制品工艺研究

本文从微珠、粉煤灰和粘土相近的化学成分出发 ,分析了混合料的结合和反应机理 ,在这个基础上研究了各种配方情况下的保温砖的成型工艺 ,指出烧结法工艺品有良好的性能 ,掺入较多的粉煤灰将有更好的环境效益和经济效益。为了简化工艺 ,节约能源 ,便于推广 ,初步研究了用化学方法粘结的非烧结工艺———这是一种有前途的保温砖成型工艺。     

An LCA model for waste incineration enhanced with new technologies for metal recovery and application to the case of Switzerland

A process model of municipal solid waste incinerators (MSWIs) and new technologies for metal recovery from combustion residues was developed. The environmental impact is modeled as a function of waste composition as well as waste treatment and material recovery technologies. The model includes combustion with a grate incinerator, several flue gas treatment technologies, electricity and steam production from waste heat recovery, metal recovery from slag and fly ash, and landfilling of residues and can be tailored to specific plants and sites (software tools can be downloaded free of charge). Application of the model to Switzerland shows that the treatment of one tonne of municipal solid waste results on average in 425 kg CO₂-eq. generated in the incineration process, and 54 kg CO₂-eq. accrue in upstream processes such as waste transport and the production of operating materials. Downstream processes, i.e. residue disposal, generates 5 kg CO₂-eq. Savings from energy recovery are in the range of 67 to 752 kg CO₂-eq. depending on the assumptions regarding the substituted energy production, while the recovery of metals from slag and fly ash currently results in a net saving of approximately 35 kg CO₂-eq. A similar impact pattern is observed when assessing the MSWI model for aggregated environmental impacts (ReCiPe) and for non-renewable resource consumption (cumulative exergy demand), except that direct emissions have less and no relevance, respectively, on the total score. The study illustrates that MSWI plants can be an important element of industrial ecology as they provide waste disposal services and can help to close material and energetic cycles.     

对火电厂粉煤灰平衡湿含量的试验和分析

对粉煤灰的平衡湿含量在各影响因素下进行了试验研究 ,并且利用半经验公式对实验数据进行了回归 ,得到了较好的拟合效果 ;为相关的理论及试验研究提供了计算公式及实验数据     

Biological turnover of chemical elements in a secondary deciduous-coniferous forest of the middle taiga subzone

The biological turnover of nitrogen and ash elements has been studied in a secondary deciduous-coniferous stand formed in place of a clear-cut spruce forest. The results have shown that a high degree of accumulation is characteristic of Ca, N, K, and Si, with N, Ca, K, Si, P, and Mg being most actively involved in the biological turnover. The biological turnover in this stand is of the calcium-nitrogen-potassium type, and its intensity and rate exceed those in bilberry spruce forest by factors of 1.7 and 2–4, respectively.     

关于钨冶炼收尘装置的研究

本文是关心钨冶炼收尘装置的研究，文章主要就钨精矿焙烧的收尘问题提出了一种新的收尘设备，使钨精矿焙烧的收尘效率达到99％。     

垃圾焚烧飞灰热处理过程中Zn的挥发机理研究

试验在650~1350℃条件下探讨了温度和时间对飞灰中Zn的挥发率的影响,采用XAFs对飞灰及二次飞灰中Zn的赋存形态进行分析,运用吉布斯自由能理论推导了Zn的氯化反应途径,并开展了验证试验.结果表明：温度是影响Zn挥发的主要因素,其挥发趋势随温度先增加而后降低,在1000℃时挥发率达到最高,而时间对其挥发效果影响较小;Zn主要以氯化物形态挥发,从假设反应途径的吉布斯自由能理论计算及验证试验得出,热处理过程中Zn的氯化反应分两步进行,首先飞灰中氯化物与SiO₂反应生成Cl₂,而后与ZnO反应生成ZnCl₂,而小部分Cl₂可能与水蒸气反应形成HCl,再与ZnO反应生成ZnCl₂.     

响应曲面分析优化改性粉煤灰漂珠对水中氟的吸附性能及机理研究

为提升粉煤灰漂珠对水溶液中氟的吸附性能,以氧化钙为原料,采用煅烧法制备钙改性粉煤灰漂珠吸附材料.通过响应曲面分析中的Box-Behnken设计吸附氟试验,探讨各吸附因数及其交互作用对吸附效果的影响,确定最佳吸附条件.利用SEM（扫描电镜）、EDS（能量散射光谱）、XRD（X射线衍射）以及BET比表面积等手段对吸附材料进行表征,并结合吸附动力学、吸附等温试验探讨钙改性粉煤灰漂珠吸附剂的除氟机制.结果表明:①初始ρ（F-）和吸附温度对改性粉煤灰漂珠吸附水中F-的去除率有显著影响,当pH为5.0、初始ρ（F-）为125 mg/L、吸附温度为40℃时,改性粉煤灰漂珠对水中F-的吸附效果最佳.②动力学试验显示,改性粉煤灰漂珠对水中F-的吸附过程符合准二级动力学模型,说明该吸附过程主要以化学吸附为主;与Langmuir和Freundlich吸附等温模型相比,Temkin吸附等温模型更适合于描述该吸附平衡过程.③SEM、EDS和BET比表面积分析显示,改性后的粉煤灰漂珠内部生成了具有不规则表面和多孔结构的含钙团簇物质,从而增加了BET比表面积,改善了孔隙结构.XRD分析显示,钙改性粉煤灰漂珠主要通过离子交换作用吸附去除水中的F-.研究显示,以工业废物为原料制备的钙改性粉煤灰漂珠吸附剂的最大除氟率为93.59%,是一种具有应用潜力的低成本吸附材料.      

餐厨废油捕收剂浮选高炭粉煤灰

通过对餐厨废油进行处理,制备餐厨废油捕收剂用以处理高炭粉煤灰.分别采用机械活化试验确定高炭粉煤灰原灰的最佳机械活化时间,通过不同温度工况的浮选试验获得餐厨废油捕收剂的脱炭性能规律并同常规捕收剂煤油对比,通过FTIR、SEM、TG等技术对餐厨废油捕收剂和脱炭产物进行系统分析.结果表明：最佳机械活化时间为30min,最佳温度工况下,浮选炭热值可达到中高热值燃料要求,产物脱炭粉煤灰矿物成分可达到Ⅰ级粉煤灰标准.真正实现了"以废治废"和"变废为宝",对环境保护、节能减排和资源的综合利用有着重要意义.     

草木灰对亚甲基蓝的吸附研究

本实验目的是研究草木灰对吸附亚甲基蓝的去除效果,探讨了亚甲基蓝初始量、吸附时间、pH值等对吸附效果的影响,并运用伪一级、伪二级反应动力学模型和Laugmuir、Freundlich等温线模型进行拟合。结果表明,草木灰对亚甲基蓝溶液的吸附在5 min~30 min速率比较快,约在65 min内达到吸附平衡,pH越大越有利于吸附,浓度在5mg/L时草木灰对亚甲基蓝的吸附最佳。与伪二级动力学曲线模型拟合效果较好,由Laugmuir等温线模型计算得出理论最大吸附容量Qm为2.275 mg/g,吸附性能优异。     

生活垃圾焚烧发电厂设计新思路探讨

以兴义市生活垃圾焚烧发电厂工程为例,介绍了该项目设计的主要内容;总结了项目设计中节省投资和改善环境的新思路,以助于推进生活垃圾焚烧处理技术的应用。