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881.
Effects of inorganic chlorine source on dioxin formation using fly ash from a fluidized bed incinerator 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
LU Sheng-yong YAN Jian-hu LI Xiao-dong Ni Ming-jiang CEN Ke-f DAI Hui-fen 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2007,19(6):756-761
Chlorine source is indispensable for polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin and furan (PCDD/F) formation during municipal solid waste (MSW) incineration. Inorganic chlorine compounds were employed in this study to investigate their effects on PCDD/F formation through heterogeneous synthesis on fly ash surfaces. A fly ash sample obtained from a fluidized bed incinerator was sieved to different size fractions which served as the PCDD/F formation sources. The capability of different metal chlorides which facilitate the formation of PCDDs/Fs was found to follow the trends: Na < Mg < K < Al < Ca, when two particle fractions of >177 μm and 104-125 μm were used in the experiments. However, the capability of NaCl, MgCl2 and KCl did not seem much different from each other, whereas CaCl2 and AlCl3 were much more active in PCDD/F formation. NaCl and MgCl2 were relatively effective to produce more PCDDs, while KCl, AlCl3 and CaCl2 generated more PCDFs during heterogeneous reactions occurring on fly ash. 2,3,7,8-TCDF was the most significant contributor to the toxicity of the PCDDs/Fs formed from inorganic chlorine sources. Decreasing the sizes of fly ash particles led to more active formation of PCDDs/Fs when NaCl was used as inorganic chlorine in the experiment. The highest PCDDs/Fs produced from particles with size <37 μm, while the lowest PCDDs/Fs produced from particles with size >177 μm. The toxicity generally increased with decreasing size of the fly ash particles. The formation of PCDDs was mainly facilitated by the two size fractions, 104-125 μm and <37 μm, while formation of PCDFs was favored by the two other size fractions, >177 μm and 53-104 μm. 相似文献
882.
Rubio B Izquierdo MT Mayoral MC Bona MT Martínez-Tarazona RM 《Journal of environmental management》2008,88(4):1562-1570
Carbon-enriched fractions have been obtained from two coal fly ash (FA) samples. The FA came from two pulverized-coal fired power stations (Lada and Escucha, Spain) and were collected from baghouse filters. Sieving was used to obtain carbon-enriched fractions, which were further subjected to two beneficiation processes: acid demineralization using HCl and HF, and oil agglomeration using soya oil-water. Yield in weight after sieving, unburned carbon content, and several physicochemical characteristics of the obtained fractions were used to compare the performance of the beneficiation methods. Low carbon concentration was obtained by sieving, particularly in the case of Escucha FA. However, after acid demineralization or oil agglomeration, fractions containing unburned carbon in a range of 63% to 68% were obtained. These fractions showed differences in mineral phase composition and distribution depending on the FA and on the beneficiation method used. The textural properties of the obtained fractions varied as a function of their carbon content and the beneficiation method used. However, no significant differences in morphology of the carbonaceous particles were found. 相似文献
883.
Vikas Pandey Zeba Usmani Avantika Chandra Rohit Kumar Mishra 《Chemistry and Ecology》2017,33(8):777-794
Ten sampling points were selected in Kanhan River, situated near the ash dump sites of Koradi Thermal Power Plant, Nagpur. The leaching of trace elements from fly ash dumps was experimentally determined by acid digestion, batch leaching and toxicity characteristic leaching procedure tests. Elemental concentrations in river water, sediment, plankton and five commonly prevailing fish species (Catla catla, Labeo bata, Cyprinus carpio, Cirrhinus reba, Puntius ticto) were determined using a Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer during the pre-monsoon and post-monsoon seasons. Metal concentrations (Cr, Mn, Zn, Cu, Fe, Ni, Cu and Pb) in river water were higher during the pre-monsoon season compared to the post-monsoon season. Zn (30.65?mg/kg) was observed to be the most predominant metal in plankton during the pre-monsoon season while, during the post-monsoon season, Fe (21.19?mg/kg) showed the maximum concentration. Muscles of C. catla had metal concentrations (Cr, Mn, Zn, Fe, Cu and Pb) above the permissible limits of Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO 1983) during the pre-monsoon season. Bioaccumulation factor (BAF) was found highest for Cr (37.5) in muscles of C. catla during the pre-monsoon season, while BAF was observed to be maximum in L. bata for Cu (28.09), which may be detrimental for human consumption. 相似文献
884.
通过混合酸、氯化钠制备改性粉煤灰混凝剂,探讨粉煤灰粒度、酸用量、加热时间、反应温度等对废水处理效果的影响,得出制备混凝剂最佳工艺方案。通过正交试验,用最佳混凝剂处理工业混合废水,找出混凝剂投量、废水pH值、搅拌时间及静置时间等最佳参数,探索一条以废治废的可行方法。 相似文献
885.
Increasing use of wood fuels for energy production in Finland since the 1990s implies that large quantities of the generated ashes will be available for forest fertilization. The aim of this study was to analyse the effect of wood ash application on 137Cs activity concentrations in Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) needles and certain berries and mushrooms on drained peatlands. The study was based on field experiments carried out on two mires in Finland in 1997-1998. Two different types of wood ash were applied at dosages of 3500, 3700, 10 500 and 11 100 kg ha−1. Wood ash did not increase 137Cs activity concentration in plants in the second growing season following application. On the contrary, a decrease in 137Cs activity concentration was seen in the plants of the ecosystem on drained peatlands. This result is of importance, for instance, when recycling of ash is being planned. 相似文献
886.
887.
石灰-石膏-粉煤灰水泥浆体的水化机理研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
通过增钙法对粉煤灰水泥浆体的凝结时间、水化放热和力学性能的测定,以及采用差示热重分析、扫描电镜、X射线衍射,研究了在有石灰、石膏时不同掺量粉煤灰水泥浆体的水化机理。结果表明:早期水化性能弱,后期持久。随粉煤灰掺量增加,浆体的凝结时间延长,水化热减少,高掺超过40%时龄期强度下降明显;早期水化产物主要为:大量的水化硅酸钙凝胶(C-S-H),未水化的硅酸钙(C3S、 C2S),少量的钙矾石(AFt、 AFm)和氢氧化钙Ca(OH)2,后期在石灰石膏的活性效应和填充效应的激发下,水化产物主要为:Ca(OH)2、AFm。Ca(OH)2与AFm及少量的C-S-H填充在水泥孔隙中且相互交联,改善了粉煤灰水泥浆体强度。 相似文献
888.
In the Republic of Estonia, local low-grade carbonaceous fossil fuel--Estonian oil-shale--is used as a primary energy source. Combustion of oil-shale is characterized by a high specific carbon emission factor (CEF). In Estonia, the power sector is the largest CO(2) emitter and is also a source of huge amounts of waste ash. Oil-shale has been burned by pulverized firing (PF) since 1959 and in circulating fluidized-bed combustors (CFBCs) since 2004-2005. Depending on the combustion technology, the ash contains a total of up to 30% free Ca-Mg oxides. In consequence, some amount of emitted CO(2) is bound by alkaline transportation water and by the ash during hydraulic transportation and open-air deposition. The goal of this study was to investigate the possibility of improving the extent of CO(2) capture using additional chemical and technological means, in particular the treatment of aqueous ash suspensions with model flue gases containing 10-15% CO(2). The results indicated that both types of ash (PF and CFBC) could be used as sorbents for CO(2) mineral sequestration. The amount of CO(2) captured averaged 60-65% of the carbonaceous CO(2) and 10-11% of the total CO(2) emissions. 相似文献
889.
Kunihiro Fukui Satoshi KidoguchiNaoki Arimitsu Kenji JikiharaTetsuya Yamamoto Hideto Yoshida 《Journal of environmental management》2009
Waste incineration fly ash was successfully recycled to calcium phosphate hydrogel, a type of fast proton conductor. The crystallized hydrogel from incineration fly ash had a lower electric conductivity and a lower crystallinity than that from calcium carbonate reagent. However, the difference in electric conductivity between these crystallized hydrogels decreases with temperature. This was due to the presence of potassium in the incineration fly ash. The fuel cell with a membrane electrode assembly (MEA) using the calcium phosphate hydrogel membrane prepared from incineration fly ash was observed to generate electricity. The performance of this fuel cell was almost equal to that of a mixture of K2CO3 and CaCO3 reagents; further, the performance of the former was superior to the fuel cell with a perfluorosulfonic polymer membrane at temperatures greater than approximately 85 °C. 相似文献
890.
粉煤灰制聚合氯化铝铁和白碳黑新工艺 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
采用粉煤灰制备聚合氯化铝铁和白碳黑.该法共分一次酸浸、碱溶、焙烧、二次酸浸4个阶段.实验确定的最佳工艺条件为:一次酸浸阶段酸溶温度100℃,碱溶阶段m(氢氧化钠):m(活化高硅渣)=0.6,二次酸浸阶段m(碳酸钠):m(灰渣A)=0.8、盐酸质量分数20%.在此条件下Fe~(3+)和Al~(3+)的总浸出率分别为96.54%和86.67%.主要产品聚合氯化铝铁的质量符合GB15892-2003<水处理剂聚氯化铝>的标准;产品白碳黑的质量符合GBl0517-89<沉淀二氧化硅>的标准. 相似文献