清洁生产在江苏油田采油工艺中的应用

近年来,江苏油田加大采油清洁生产系列工艺技术的研究力度,自行研发了插管卡堵水采油工艺、侧钻井卡堵水工艺、带压作业技术、中频感应加热单管集输工艺、太阳能辅助电加热技术等一系列新型节能、降耗、减污、增效的采油清洁生产工艺技术,并在油田开发中得到了广泛的应用,取得了明显的经济和社会效益。     

斑鳢等鱼贝类去毒相关基因的克隆

采用RT-PCR和RACE法,克隆得到斑鳢、鲢鱼CYPlA与斑鳢HSP70基因cDNA的核心序列,序列长度分别为908 bp、902 bp、684 bp,分别编码302、300、228个氨基酸;还克隆得到斑鳢、近江牡蛎GPX基因cDNA的部分序列,长度分别为720 bp、727 bp,分别编码119、232个氨基酸.多个重要养殖水生动物的去毒相关基因的成功克隆,为水产养殖动物去毒相关基因结构、功能、表达调控研究以及今后定向筛选高食用安全保障的水产品奠定基础.     

浙江省造纸行业推行区域性清洁生产审核模式的探索

在浙江省造纸行业比较集中的富阳市,将一批生产白板纸的同类型企业作为一个区域整体,开展清洁生产审核工作。将富阳市8家造纸企业作为区域清洁生产审核模式的示范试点,并进行了初步研究。研究结果认为,区域性的清洁生产审核模式适用于所有行业,具有很强的推广性。     

Does copper reduce cadmium uptake by different rice genotypes？

A hydroponics experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of copper （Cu） on cadmium （Cd）, calcium （Ca）, iron （Fe）, and zinc （Zn） uptake by several rice genotypes. The experiment was carried out as a 2×2×4 factorial with four rice genotypes and two levels of Cu and Cd in nutrient solution. Plants were grown in a growth chamber with controlled environment. The results showed a significant difference between the biomass of different rice genotypes （P 〈 0.001）. The Cd and Cu concentration in the solution had no significant effect on the biomass. The addition of Cu significantly decreased Cd uptake by shoots and roots of rice （P 〈 0.001）. The Cd concentration did not significantly influence Ca uptake by plants, whereas the Cu concentration did （P = 0.034）. There was a significant influence of Cd on Fe uptake by shoots and roots （P 〈 0.001, P = 0.003, respectively）. Zn uptake decreased significantly as the addition of Cd and Cu increased in shoots. We concluded that Cu had significant influence on Cd uptake. The possible mechanisms were discussed.     

生物质催化气化制氢技术研究

在人类面临严重的能源危机与环境污染的背景下,世界各国都在致力于对洁净能源氢的开发和研究,并取得了一定的研究成果。生物质气化制氢是一项富有前景的制氢技术,已引起了世界各国研究者的普遍关注。文章首先介绍了生物质气化制氢技术的国内外研究及应用现状,然后介绍了一种一体式生物质气化炉水蒸汽催化气化制氢的工艺流程,氢气体积的含量可达到50%以上。最后总结了这种工艺在各种制氢方法中,具有技术成熟、工艺简单,效率高等优点,有广阔的应用前景。     

推行清洁生产实施可持续发展战略

阐述了清洁生产的意义和目前实施清洁生产面临的问题,提出了对策和建议。     

清洁生产在企业发展循环经济中的应用

我国人口众多,资源相对贫乏,生态环境脆弱。当前,继续沿用原来的"三高"粗放型生产模式,必然会对现有的资源和生态环境造成更大的浪费和破坏,走循环经济之路已成为我国贯彻落实科学发展观,实现可持续发展战略的必然选择。本文针对我国的实际,分析了企业的生存现状,叙述了清洁生产、循环经济的含义,着重提出企业推行清洁生产,向循环经济型企业转化的重要性。     

浅论林业生产与生态环境建设

森林是陆地生态系统的主体。林业是一项重要的公益事业和基础产业,承担着生态建设和林产品供给的重要任务,做好林业工作意义十分重大。目前在林业生产中,环境没有得到应有的保护,造成生态环境恶化,反之又影响了林业生产,因此林业生产应当是在保护环境的前提下,采取多种办法解决问题,例如采取生态采伐、建立自然保护区、退耕还林、分类经营、林业体制改革等手段,既保护了生态环境又能使林业生产可持续发展。     

基于非参数方法的中国棉花产出规模效率时空特征

人类需要的无限性和用来满足需要的各种稀缺资源之间的矛盾,要求人们对生产资源进行有效配置。为研究中国棉花流通体制市场化改革以来,棉花生产资源的配置效率--产出规模效率及其时空特征,基于生产前沿面理论的非参数方法,利用生产资源配置效率测度软件对中国棉花主产区的棉花产出规模效率进行了具体测定与分析。结果表明：中国棉花产出规模效率时空差异显著,报告期长江流域优于黄河流域,同时两大流域棉花产出规模效率变化态势与我国棉花流通体制市场化改革的政策安排高度相关。认为中央政府应根据市场化进程中棉花生产所表现出来的新特点与市场调节出现的新问题,适时做出进一步激励棉花生产,最大程度发挥产出规模效率的政策安排。     

Reproduction of the Siberian spruce in the timberline ecotone of the Iremel’ Massif

Quantitative and qualitative characteristics of cones and seeds and the emergence and survival of seedlings in the Siberian spruce (Picea obovata Ledeb.) were studied in different parts of the timberline ecotone on the Iremel’ Massif, the Southern Urals, from 2003 to 2006. In the productive year 2003, a decrease in the number of cones (from 110000 to 3000 per hectare), the yield of seeds (from 13 × 10⁶ to 0.09 × 10⁶ per hectare), and their laboratory germination rate (from 34 to 14%) with an increase in elevation above sea level was recorded. In 2004, significant differences in the number of seedlings per hectare were revealed between the lower, middle, and upper parts of the ecotone (85 200, 19 800, and 0–400 ind., respectively). It has been shown that the greater part of seedlings (76–96%) perish during the first cold period. New generations of spruce trees are formed only after productive years. Seed production and seedling mortality in spruce apparently depend not only on air temperature and soil moistening but also on snow depth and soil temperature, which change more abruptly along the altitudinal gradient.