阻碍我国有机肥推广的经济成因分析

对有机肥施用领域的各个环节进行了梳理和分析,认为有机肥经济正外部性未能内部化和监管体系薄弱是影响有机肥推广的两个主要原因,其中经济正外部性未能内部化增加了农户和企业在有机肥使用或生产上的投入成本,从根本上遏制了使用或生产有机肥的积极性,而监管体系的薄弱进一步缩减了有机肥的利润空间,因此阻碍有机肥推广的根本成因在于有机肥经济正外部性未能内部化,即经济激励的缺失。并据此提出了相应的解决措施。     

许昌市发制品行业的清洁生产调查

发制品行业是以人发、人造纤维等为原材料进行假发加工的行业。许昌市发制品的生产过程大致可分为两个阶段:漂染和前后处理。漂染过程用水量大,产生的废水难以处理。其中过酸、氧化、染色配置的溶液使用一次后直接排放,不符合清洁生产要求,且所排放的溶液可考虑中和多次利用。漂染过程水资源消耗量大,废水产生量大,没有考虑废水综合利用。按清洁生产的要求在以上环节可通过技术革新和设备改造得以改进。     

Linking sustainable consumption and production: The government role

Achieving sustainable development depends on comprehensive approaches which integrate consumption and production initiatives. At present, sustainable consumption is being overemphasized to the neglect of the more important production side. This paper examines the role of governments in promoting sustainable consumption and production to identify gaps in national schemes which reduce their overall effectiveness. Public policy tools promoting sustainable consumption and production are discussed in terms of whether they are aimed at correcting: 1) market failures (regulations, taxes, subsidies); or 2) systems failures (labels, communications, education, public procurement). The challenge for governments is to link sustainable consumption initiatives to policies aimed at increasing the sustainability of production in the private sector in both their national and international dimensions. In this way, governments can enlist the aid of consumers in pushing producers towards sustainability and to achieve the ultimate goal of sustainable development.     

充分利用农业资源,发展我国粮食生产

我国粮食生产的制约因素较多。为了达到我国粮食产量稳定增长的目的,我们必须针对我国农业资源的特点,趋利避害,充分发挥其优势,挖掘生产潜力;搞好宏观调控,调动各方面的积极性,发展粮食生产。这样,2000年实观我国粮食总产量达到 5亿t,人均占有粮食400kg 的目的是可能的。     

Greener growing: assessing the influence of gardening practices on the ecological viability of community gardens in South East Queensland,Australia

While claims about the environmental benefits of community gardens abound, few researchers have systematically assessed the ecological integrity of gardening practices. This study investigated gardening practices in 50 community gardens in Brisbane and Gold Coast cities, Australia. The study aimed to better understand how gardening practices might affect the ecological viability of community gardens. Factors investigated included: garden bio-physical characteristics, operators’ motivations, gardeners’ socio-demographic backgrounds, garden facilities and types of plants grown. Two broad types of gardens were identified: permaculture (21 gardens) and non-permaculture (29 gardens). Permaculture gardens used lower-impact gardening practices. Findings have policy implications for environmental planning and management.     

Use of a generalized linear model to evaluate range forage production estimates

Interdisciplinary teams have been used in federal land planning and in the private sector to reach consensus on the environmental impact of management. When a large data base is constructed, verifiability of the accuracy of the coded estimates and the underlying assumptions becomes a problem. A mechanism is provided by the use of a linear statistical model to evaluate production coefficients in terms of errors in coding and underlying assumptions. The technique can be used to evaluate other intuitive models depicting natural resource production in relation to prescribed variables, such as site factors or secondary succession.     

绿色修井作业的环保控制

文章主要阐述了修井作业过程中产生污染物的原因和污染机理,介绍了6种井下作业施工中清洁生产工艺技术,提出了废物资源化利用方式,并针对稠油井常规维护或大修施工前、中、后三期进行分级控制,逐步实现了清洁生产。     

氨联产甲醇物料的危险性辨识、评价及安全措施

氨联产甲醇生产法是生产甲醇的一种主要方法.甲醇生产中的物料都是比较危险的化学品,该类化学品易燃、易爆,容易使人中毒,如果管理不善,一旦发生意外,将造成巨大经济损失和重大人员伤亡.笔者按照OHSMS(职业安全健康管理体系)标准,对氨联产甲醇生产系统中生产过程物料和成品物料的危险性进行辨识和评价,提出了在氨联产甲醇生产系统中有关生产运行的安全管理控制措施,为氨联产甲醇生产系统的安全生产提供了切实可行的手段和途径,旨在提醒人们对氨联产甲醇生产系统的安全生产引起充分重视.     

安全工程专业生产实习模式探讨与实践

生产实习作为安全工程专业教学计划的重要环节,有助于培养学生的工程意识、应用能力和创新能力.基于中国石油大学(华东)在安全工程专业生产实习的实践教学环节上所做的探索性工作,对如何有效提高该环节的培养效果进行了分析和总结.     

创建安全文明工地之我见

从安全生产意识和安全文化的角度，阐述了工地建筑安全管理的意义和方法，提出了建立安全管理体系的必要性。