More time in the kitchen,less time on the streets: the micropolitics of cultivating an ethic of care in alternative food networks

There is increased attention to alternative food efforts as individuals and groups seek to build stronger local food infrastructures to increase accessibility, transparency, and fairness with how food is grown, produced, and distributed. In considering individuals and families contending with food injustices and insecurities; concerns and questions have surfaced about what it means to privilege the leadership and participation of these communities in alternative food efforts. While there are no linear answers to these questions, this paper explores how one statewide food network in the United States seeks to involve youth contending with the juvenile justice system in a job readiness programme, Youth Kitchen, that interfaces the youth with farmers, chef educators, community organisations, and farmers markets. This paper contends that integrating alternative food and juvenile justice work is a complex terrain that both advances social justice and reproduces existing power asymmetries within alternative food networks. The inclusion of accounts from multiple stakeholders in the local food and juvenile justice system generates a multilayered view that moves away from an either sustainability or social justice rubric to a more process-oriented lens that reveals the strategic dilemmas that alternative food networks encounter. On the one hand, the social landscape of this programme promotes an ethic of care and shared ownership between the staff and participating youth. At the same time, akin to many alternative food networks, neoliberal interests bump against this ethic of care and white privilege seeps into staffing patterns and everyday programmes in ways that reproduce the status quo.     

E‐waste in the world today: An overview of problems and a proposal for improvement in Brazil

Environmental issues have been at the center of society's concerns for a long time. Recently, this kind of concern is growing even more due to the damage caused to the environment by electrical and electronic product waste. Based on this same concern, this work aimed to analyze, through a literature review, the production and treatment of electronic waste in today's world, with an emphasis on Brazil and China. The articles reviewed point to an increase in the production of this type of waste, in both Brazil and China, and reveal that the current processes of treatment of electronic waste mostly aim to obtain profit through the recovery of precious metals such as copper. This paper concluded that although Brazil is one of the major producers of e‐waste, more than 90% of its e‐waste has not had a proper final destination. This deficiency in e‐waste treatment in Brazil is mainly due to financial factors and the lack of a robust educational policy focused on the environment. Thus, this work suggests the implementation of an effective educational policy aimed at environmental conservation, as well as investments in research on recycling methods in Brazil, especially on the use of e‐waste as an aggregate in the manufacture of concrete.     

基于彼得斯治理理论的京津冀协同发展路径重构

基于彼得斯治理理论,分析了京津冀地区的协同发展现状和要求,重构了其协同发展路径。结果表明:①要素禀赋、区域政策分别是区域协同发展的客观基础和主观条件。②区域协调发展新机制为京津冀地区提出了“坚持以北京和天津尤其是以非首都功能疏解为引领,借助市场力量调动各个主体的积极性,同时注重协同方式(机制)建设”的新要求。③京津冀协同发展路径重构可从“由软硬兼施的市场(市场平台和政府效能)、三维协同的主体(地方政府,中央政府和非政府部门)和富有弹性的方式(临时机构和互动机制)”的“3M”策略入手。     

农业非点源污染的环境影响及防治对策

非点源污染负荷在水环境污染中所占比例日益增大,而农业生产活动又是最大的非点源污染.由于没有固定的污染源,控制非点源污染要比控制点源污染困难得多.扼要介绍了我国农业非点源污染的现状,分析了农业非点源污染的各种影响因素,讨论了农业非点源污染对水环境的影响,并针对目前农业非点源污染存在的问题,提出了污染防治对策和管理措施.     

中国城市污水处理厂资源配置效率的比较

采用平均生产函数模型、边界生产函数以及数据包络分析(DEA)模型3种方法,对中国81个污水处理厂的样本观测数据,从不同角度进行了比较研究,分别得出上述3种模型对产出弹性、技术效率和规模经济性等主要指标的模拟结果.研究发现,资本对我国城市污水处理厂的产出弹性最大(0.507),其次是运营电耗(0.415),再次为劳动力;我国污水厂普遍处于规模报酬率递增阶段,样本总体的规模报酬率为1.11;根据DEA的分析结果,列出了81个样本污水厂的效率排序清单,这将有助于制定行业绩效标准.     

二价铁离子对UASB反应器厌氧发酵产氢效能的影响

金属离子Fe2+在生物产氢机制中起着重要作用.以红糖为底物,研究了Fe2+在0～1 650 mg·L-1范围内对UASB发酵产氢效能的影响.结果表明,适当浓度的二价铁离子对产氢具有一定的促进作用.当Fe2+浓度为0～450 mg·L-1时,发酵产气量及其氢气含量都随着Fe2+浓度的增加而增加;且当Fe2+浓度为450 mg·L-1时,获得最大生物气体积为17.72 L,较空白组提高了40.75%,此时氢气含量60.01%.而当外加的Fe2+浓度大于450 mg·L-1时,则开始呈下降趋势.因此,Fe2+可以成为调控发酵制氢的工程措施之一.     

中国粮食作物种植结构调整及其水土资源利用效应

粮食种植结构调整会影响农业资源的消耗需求。20世纪90年代中后期以来,玉米在我国粮食生产中的地位明显提升。以粮食种植结构无调整为参照情景,一定产量下,1996-2015年,在国家层面,因粮食种植结构调整对水土资源消耗的节省量约占现期需求量的4%左右。在区域层面,从结构调整对种植面积的减省效应看,耕地资源相对丰富的北方地区明显高于南方地区;从对水资源消耗的减省效应看,北方贫水区也普遍高于南方地区,干旱度最高的西北地区最高。期间区域分品种粮食生产广泛受到作物种植比例变化的影响。研究结果表明,要充分利用好南方水热资源,恢复水稻生产,主要取决于稻米需求及其种植效益,而北方地区则要尽可能按降水规律调整农作制度,合理控制水稻、小麦的种植面积。     

青海省草地畜牧业可持续发展战略与对策

青海省有可利用草地3161×104hm₂,是我国五大牧区之一。在长期传统游牧畜牧业经营方式下 ,对草地缺乏有效的保护和科学的管理 ,片面追求牲畜存栏数 ,超载过牧现象普遍存在 ,导致草地退化问题严重 ,生态环境破坏 ,自然灾害频繁 ,畜牧业经济效益低下。在这样的基础上实施草地畜牧业可持续发展战略 ,需要执行科技兴牧 ,教育先行 ;强化畜牧业生产基础 ,经济效益和生态效益并重 ;大力促进畜牧业产业化 ,走商品化生产发展道路的方针。推行高效集约化经营的畜牧业生产模式 ,发展具有高原特色 ,具有市场竞争力的特色畜产品生产 ,在实现畜牧业向高效益产业转变的基础上顺利地实施生态环境治理和草地资源保护 ,从而达到畜牧业可持续发展的目的。     

英法炼油环保与清洁生产考察

英、法两国政府制订了既严格又切实可行的环保法规和标准，鼓励企业推行清洁生产。追求更好的环保业绩已成为企业经营活动的重要组成部分。“低压湿式氧化”技术可在低温、低压的条件下处理高浓度的有机废水。     

农副食品加工业高浓度废水的厌氧膜生物反应器技术

农副食品加工业COD年排放量在41种行业废水中排名第2,污染减排刻不容缓.农副食品加工业废水COD浓度高达8 000~30 000 mg·L-1,目前主要采用厌氧-好氧组合工艺处理,存在工艺流程长、管理难和成本高等问题.厌氧膜生物反应器(anaerobic membrane bioreactor,AnMBR)由于高效的膜与厌氧微生物协同作用,具有COD去除率高(92%~99%),COD负荷率高[2.3~19.8 kg·(m3·d)-1]等工艺特征,同时排泥少(SRT>40 d),基建成本低(HRT为8~12 h).根据高浓度COD的不同构成,COD甲烷化的限速步骤可分为水解酸化限速型、产甲烷限速型.AnMBR的膜污染特征及其控制比好氧MBR更为复杂和困难,现有膜污染控制措施包括错流过滤、曝气冲洗和膜松弛等.针对我国农副食品加工业高浓度废水达标排放的技术需求,AnMBR主要研究方向为提高COD去除率、控制膜污染和提高能源回收率,从而实现短流程厌氧的出水一步达标.