Deterioration of Polyamideamine–Epichlorohydrin (PAE) in Aqueous Solutions During Storage: Structural Changes of PAE

Structural changes of polyamideamine–epichlorohydrin (PAE) in solution during storage at 4 °C and pH 4.2–4.5 for up to 8.9 years were studied by ¹H- and ¹³C-NMR analyses, colloidal titration and others. NMR signals due to 3-hydroxy-azetidinium groups of PAE decreased during storage, and correspondingly 2, 3-dihydroxypropyl groups were formed by the ring opening. The content of 3-hydroxy-azetidinium groups in PAE determined by ¹H-NMR were similar to that determined by the colloidal titration, although the former was higher than the latter. About 50% of the 3-hydroxy-azetidinium groups present in the fresh PAE were lost during storage for 8.9 years. Furthermore, ¹³C-NMR analysis revealed that significant depolymerization of polyamideamine chains occurred by hydrolysis of the amide linkages during storage. Rough evaluation of number average degree of polymerization (DPn) of the amideamine repeating unit showed that the DPn decreased from 12 to 2 during storage for 8.9 years.     

Alternative Types of Ontogeny in Cyclomorphic Rodents and Their Role in Population Dynamics: An Ecological Analysis

Two alternative ontogenetic pathways regularly effected in the populations of small mammals are analyzed as a manifestation of developmental multiversality. The types of ontogeny in rodents are characterized. These data are reflected in the concept of the functional approach. Multiversality of development in plants and animals is considered. Based on the results of long-term (26-year) observations on the natural populations of six rodent species, the dynamics of relationships between the types of ontogeny, abundance, and basic population parameters are analyzed using an example of a background species (Clethrionomys glareolus). A trigger mechanism of switching to a certain type of ontogeny, the role of environmental factors in actuating this mechanism, and the role of the genotype as a basis of multivalence are discussed. The existence of two developmental variants is regarded as a basis for functional rearrangements providing for a high flexibility of population responses and as a mechanism of population regulation determining the dynamics of rodent fauna. An adaptive population response to a board spectrum of influences, including anthropogenic damage, depends not only on the type and strength of the influence, but also on the functional structure of the population. The concepts described in the paper may explain the significance of critical periods in the life of populations.     

抓好班组长培训夯实安全生产基础

班组长综合素质的高低,可影响安全生产.试图通过叙述抓好班组长培训与搞好安全生产的辩证关系,以期引起工业企业对抓好班组长培训工作的重视.     

欧美水质大肠菌群相关检验标准探究

对欧美水质大肠菌群检验的相关内容进行分析探讨,重点剖析了总大肠菌群、粪（耐热）大肠菌群、大肠埃希氏菌等检测项目的内涵、检测意义。以及它们之间的内在联系。介绍了大肠菌群检测指标在欧关的发展应用情况,以及当前大肠菌群标准检测技术方法。对我国水质大肠菌群标准体系提出要求。     

海洋溢油对浮游生物种群的影响

随着溢油风险的不断加大,对溢油产生的环境损害的研究也日益增多,由于溢油对海洋生态系统的多元影响,短期和长期影响的差异,使溢油环境损害赔偿变得非常困难,因此有必要对溢油对浮游生物种群的长期影响进行系统研究。本文对溢油对浮游生物影响现有的研究进行概括和综述。并以3．24事故为例对溢油对浮游生物的长期种群结构影响进行研究,分析是否产生影响。分析1998年事故发生时及事故后历史数据以及近几年的监测数据,进行对比试图解决如下问题：浮游生物在生物量上是否有变化？产量是否变化？种群结构是否发生变化？种群的主导物种是否变化？最后对这些结论的原因进行了探讨。     

对苯二甲酸、乙二醇和氢化三联苯对职业人群健康影响的研究

目的研究长期接触对苯二甲酸、乙二醇、氢化三联苯对职业人群健康状况的影响,为职业健康监护提供依据。方法采用职业流行病学的方法,在对某化纤公司进行劳动卫生学调查的基础上,分析对苯二甲酸、乙二醇、氢化三联苯接触工人心血管系统及肝肾功能的变化。结果接触组平均接触工龄为16年,接触组和对照组人群高血压检出率分别为13．41％,19.21％;接触组WBC、RBC、HGB、PLT、ALT、GGT、ALP、HBsAg异常检出率分别为9．76％,13．12％,8．66％,11．17％,19．83％,14．24％,2．51％,8.38％;对照组上述指标的异常检出率分别为13．36％,9．09％,11．76％,12．29％,19．25％,13．36％,1．61％,9.09％。经统计学检验。两组人群各检出率无明显差异（P〉0．05）。结论对苯二甲酸、乙二醇、氢化三联苯在很低浓度情况及企业做好防护措施的情况下对职业人群的心血管系统及肝肾损害不大。     

功能区噪声自动监测变化特征实验分析研究

为了能够更全面、真实地反映城市功能区声环境的质量状况,我们分别选择了四个类别的标准适用区四个监测点位,进行了连续的自动监测试验,获取了大量监测数据,对上面获得的监测数据进行整理分析,通过功能区噪声变化的统计特征,可以很好地了解城市功能区噪声变化特征。     

关于我国环境保护垂直管理问题的探讨

我国的环境管理体制实行的是统一管理与分级、分部门管理相结合的管理体制。目前针对该管理体制存在的诸多问题,很多人主张国家环保部应对各地方环保部门实行垂直管理,破除地方政府对环境执法的干扰,以实现地方环境保护部门环境管理的独立性。但目前学术界对环境部门实行垂直管理的有效性问题存在较大的争议,而且从其他部门实施垂直管理的实践来看,效果并不理想。垂直管理能否达到预期目标仍然值得商榷。然而无论是垂直管理还是分级管理,都需要一个合理的制度安排作为基础和保障,才能真正地发挥其管理制度的有效性。因此真正意义上的垂直不应局限于行政权利上的变动,还应该包括对法律的垂直和对公众的垂直,只有通过加强法制化和公开化建设,构建和完善切实有效的保障制度,才有助于解决我国环境行政管理体制的深层次问题。     

降低土壤中氟含量的生态地质学方法探讨

从生态地质学角度提出一种新型的降低土壤氟的方法,利用植物的根系分层特性研究植物对土壤氟进行吸收的功能,通过对研究区植被的根群特征进行调查分析,可以构建根群坝、农林复合系统等,人为地把氟在土壤包气带中由源到汇的运动过程进行层层拦截、吸收,实现对土壤氟经淋滤进入地下水的迁移过程分层、分阶段拦截的效果,从而达到降低土壤及农作物氟含量水平的目的。并根据南阳盆地不同的地貌提出了具体生态降氟的建设措施。     

深圳湾TIN和PO43--P数值模拟及减排效果分析

采用EFDC模型建立深圳湾三维水动力和营养盐模型,模拟总无机氮(TIN)和正磷酸盐(PO43--P)等主要营养盐在深圳湾不同水文条件下的输运规律.计算结果表明,TIN和PO43--P的计算值和实测多年月均值枯、丰水期都吻合较好.内陆河流TIN和PO43--P减排方案的计算表明,珠江口TIN提高至三类海水标准是深圳湾水体...