Aqueous and organic extracts of Trigonella foenum-graecum L. inhibit the mycelia growth of fungi

Aqueous extracts from various plant parts of fenugreek (3%) (aerial parts: leaves and stems (LS), roots (R), ground seeds (GS) and not ground seeds (NGS)) and petroleum ether, ethyl acetate and methanolic fractions of the aerial parts were assayed to determine their antifungal potential against Botrytis cinerea, Fusarium graminearum, Alternaria sp., Pythium aphanidermatum, and Rhizoctinia solani. All fenugreek plant parts showed antifungal potential and the magnitude of their inhibitory e ects was species and plant parts dependent. R extract was shown less toxic (30.38%), whereas NGS extract expressed the strongest inhibition, with an average of 71.44%, followed by GS (58.56%) and LS (57.1%). Screening indicated that P. aphanidermatum was the most resistant species, with an average inhibition of 34.5%. F. graminearum, Alternaria sp. and R. solani were the most sensitive species, and were similarly inhibited (63.5%). The stability test indicated that the aqueous extracts of all plant parts lost approximately 50% of their relative activity after one month of storage at 4°C, whilst they lost 60%–90% of their activity when stored at ambient temperature for one month. The antifungal activity resided mainly in the methanol fraction and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of methanol fraction witch caused total inhibition of R. solani and Alternaria sp. was 60 g/ml. Results of current study suggested that the constituents of Trigonella foenum-graecum have potential against harmful pathogenic fungi. Therefore, fenugreek could be an important source of biologically active compounds useful for developing better new antifungal drugs.     

Performance of two biofilters with neutral and low pH treating o -gases

Two different functional biofilters were carried out and compared for the treatment of off-gas containing multicomponent odors and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in this study. The effects of pH values and the empty bed retention time (EBRT) on the performance of the bioreactors were studied; and the characteristics of microbial populations in the two biofilters were also determined. The experimental results indicated that the removal effciencies of hydrophilic compounds such as butyric acid and ammonia ...     

The formation kinetics and control of biofilms by three dominant fungi species isolated from groundwater

Filamentous fungi can enter drinking water supply systems in various ways, and exist in suspended or sessile states which threatens the health of individuals by posing a high risk of invasive infections. In this study, the biofilms formation kinetics of the three genera of fungal spores, Aspergillus niger (A. niger), Penicillium polonicum (P. polonicum) and Trichoderma harzianum (T. harzianum) isolated from the groundwater were reported, as well as the effects of water quality parameters were evaluated. In addition, the efficiency of low- concentrations of chlorine-based disinfectants (chlorine, chlorine dioxide and chloramine) on controlling the formation of fungal biofilms was assessed. The results showed that the biofilms formation of the three genera of fungi could be divided into the following four phases: induction, exponential, stationary and sloughing off. The optimum conditions for fungal biofilms formation were found to be neutral or weakly acidic at 28 °C with rich nutrition. In fact, A. niger, P. polonicum, and T. harzianum were not observed to form mature biofilms in actual groundwater within 120 hr. Carbon was found to have the maximum effect on the fungal biofilms formation in actual groundwater, followed by nitrogen and phosphorus. The resistance of fungal species to disinfectants during the formation of biofilms decreased in the order: A. niger > T. harzianum > P. polonicum. Chlorine dioxide was observed to control the biofilms formation with maximum efficiency, followed by chlorine and chloramine. Consequently, the results of this study will provide a beneficial understanding for the formation and control of fungal biofilms.     

亚铵法造纸废液干粉对绿豆苗根系的AM真菌侵染及其地上部生物量的影响

通过温室盆栽试验,研究亚铵法造纸废液干粉对绿豆(Vigna radiate)苗根系的AM真菌侵染及其地上部生物量的影响。结果发现,添加适量造纸废液干粉可以加速AM真菌对绿豆苗根系的侵染;添加质量分数0.1%造纸废液干粉,出苗4周时绿豆苗根系的AM真菌侵染率比对照提高80%,出苗7周时地上部生物量比对照提高20%;添加质量分数0.2%~0.5%造纸废液干粉,绿豆苗根系的AM真菌侵染率和地上部生物量在出苗4周之后均不同程度低于对照。结果表明,添加质量分数0.1%左右亚铵法造纸废液干粉对AM真菌侵染绿豆苗根系和植株生长具有较好促进作用。     

不同水文条件下黄河口滨海湿地土壤真菌群落的分布特征

为了探究不同水文条件下黄河口滨海湿地土壤真菌群落多样性和结构特征,通过内转录区间(ITS)高通量测序技术对淡水恢复芦苇湿地(FPW)、非淹水芦苇湿地(NPW)、潮汐芦苇湿地(TPW)和盐地碱蓬湿地(TSW)土壤的真菌群落多样性和结构进行对比分析.结果 表明,非淹水芦苇湿地土壤中真菌OTUs数量最高(902),但4种湿地...     

微生物燃料电池表观内阻的构成和测量

将微生物燃料电池内部各种阻力用表观内阻统一表征,在建立其等效电路的基础上将表观内阻分为欧姆内阻和非欧姆内阻2部分.通过稳态放电法测量微生物燃料电池表观内阻,在改变外电阻后稳定时间需要60 s以上方能保证测定准确性,通过稳态放电法测定一室型微生物燃料电池的表观内阻为289 Ω,当外电阻等于表观内阻时微生物燃料电池对外输出功率达到最大,为241 mW/m²;通过电流中断法测量一室型微生物燃料电池的欧姆内阻为99 Ω,测定结果与断电前电流强度无关;当一室型微生物燃料电池对外供电分别处于活化极化区、欧姆极化区和浓差极化区时,非欧姆电阻占总内阻的比例分别为93％、66％和75％,在电池对外供电达到最大时非欧姆占总内阻比例最低.提高微生物燃料电池产电能力需要同时降低电池的欧姆内阻和非欧姆内阻.     

土壤微生物对灭幼脲3号杀虫剂代谢作用的研究

从施药后的土壤中分离出的青霉菌、芽枝霉菌、木霉菌、曲霉菌均能降解灭幼脲3号.其中青霉菌可以裂解灭幼脲C—N键,产生新的代谢产物.经鉴定,其代谢产物为:对氯苯基脲、对氯苯胺,邻氯苯酰胺.探讨了青霉菌对灭幼脲3号的代谢途径和机理.试验说明青霉菌对氯苯基脲,对氯苯胺仍有降解代谢能力.     

白腐真菌产酶反应器研究进展

综述了白腐真菌在不同反应器中合成木质素降解酶系能力的研究进展,包括培养方式与条件、不同反应器的特点及应用、木质素降解酶系的应用及前景.     

AM真菌对烟草砷吸收及根际pH的影响

采用矿区3种砷(As)含量土壤水提液的琼脂培养基变色试验,研究接种土著(Glomus spp.,Acaulospora spp.)与外源(Glomus caledonium)AM真菌对煳草(Nicotiana tabacum L.)As吸收以及根际pH的影响.结果表明,除无As水平下的烟草对照苗根际pH持续升高外,其它处理的烟草化苗根际pH都有先升高后降低的规律,而且菌根化苗根际pH的降低速度快于对照苗.烟草地上部分As含量在所有处理中没有表现出显著的差异.在无As水平下,烟草地下部分As含量依次为外源菌根化苗>土著菌根化苗>对照苗.在低As、中As、高As水平下,土著菌根化苗的地下部分As含量显著高于外源菌根化苗以及对照苗.可见,接种AM真菌可以降低烟草根际pH,从而影响烟草的As吸收,这也显示了AM真菌应用于烟草安全的可能性.此外,本研究表明土著AM真菌与外源AM真菌对培养基质中的同一As水平有着不同的响应.     

城市固体废弃物综合处理厂微生物气溶胶污染特性

以鄂尔多斯市某城市固体废弃物综合处理厂的生活垃圾预处理区、餐厨预处理区、粪便预处理区及联合厌氧发酵区为对象,研究不同功能区的微生物气溶胶污染特性。研究结果表明,不同功能区空气异养细菌和真菌的浓度存在显著性差异(p<0.05),尤以生活垃圾集料间产生的异养细菌和真菌浓度最高。对照空气微生物评价标准,不同功能区产生的异养细菌和真菌大都有不同程度的污染。粒径分析表明,不同功能区异养细菌粒径主要集中在第1、2、3、4级,各功能区之间无显著性差异(p>0.05),与细菌粒径分布不同,不同功能区真菌粒径主要分布在第3级和第4级,也无明显差异(p>0.05)。