硫化氢废气治理研究进展

综合评述了硫化氢废气的各类净化方法及最新的研究进展。硫化氢废气的净化有吸收法、吸附法、氧化法、分解法和生物法。本文对超级克劳斯法和分解法研究进展进行了重点阐述。     

二氧化硫废气的治理方法

综述了二氧化硫废气的各种治理方法。指出选择脱硫方法需要具体情况具体分析,应选择脱硫效率高、投资省、 运转费低、长期运转稳定可靠、 不产生二次污染的方法。     

Waste plastics recycling by an entrained-flow gasifier

We studied an entrained-flow gasification process which efficiently converts waste plastics to energy at a high energy recovery rate. Waste plastics, after being shredded to <8 mm or <14 mm, were fed into an entrained-flow gasifier with air and oxygen. In the gasifier, organic substances were pyrolyzed, partially combusted, and then converted into synthetic gas (CO, H₂) at a high temperature (over 1600 K). The clarified gasification characteristics were that the lower heat value (LHV) of the product gas was over 4.2 MJ/Nm³ and the cold gas efficiency was approximately 60%. Other inert substances in the wastes such as ashes and metals were melted into slag and condensed on bag filters. The bag filters and a water scrubber removed impurities such as dusts, heavy metals, and hydrogen halides from the product gases. Solid hydrocarbons, which include char and soot, were removed at a hot cyclone and on the bag filters. Received: July 19, 2000 / Accepted: October 3, 2000     

The regional economic impact of reducing greenhouse gas emissions: Western Australia

This study analyses the general-equilibrium impacts of an international climate change response policy on the economy of Western Australia (WA), one of the most mining-based and energy-intensive states of Australia. It finds that emissions would fall by up to 11% from the base level in WA. However, such environmental benefits emanate at some costs to the state economy; in terms of foregone gross state product, the costs are up to 3% of the base level. Indeed, the actual costs and benefits depend on the precise design of the climate change response policy as well as on the other policies within which it operates. For example, when emission quota permits are sold to industries and no tradeable carbon credits (i.e. credits for the carbon sequestrated in Kyoto forests) are granted, emissions decline by about 8% and GSP falls by about 3% of the base levels. If carbon credits are tradeable, however, the environmental benefits could be increased and the GSP cost could be reduced substantially. Also, the reduced economic activity caused by emission abatement results in a modest fall in net government revenue, despite the additional revenue from permit sales in some cases. Accordingly, government’s fiscal package surrounding the emission permits would influence the emission abatement impacts on the economy. With regard to the effects on the structure of the state economy, the oil and gas industry suffers only a slight contraction but the energy-supplying sector as a whole contracts substantially. It is therefore not surprising that the impacts on the WA economy of curbing emissions by energy and transport industries alone are quite significant when compared to those resulted from all industries’ compliance with the abatement scheme. It needs to be noted that the model projections analysed in the paper are based on simplifying assumptions and tentative scenarios, and hence should be viewed with caution and not be understood as unconditional forecasts.     

中国西部本底大气中CO的连续测量

在中国西北部的瓦里关全球基准站(36°17'N,100°54'E,3810m asl)建立了气相色谱-汞置换法大气CO连续测量系统.组装调试和运行标定表明,色谱方法的基线稳定,分离度高,检测方法可靠,系统具有高自动化的操作性能和严格的质量控制,其设计完全符合世界气象组织(WMO)全球大气本底测量的要求.根据采样现场大气CO浓度的变化,采用经国际比对的CO标准气系列,用峰高外标法设定可调整的标准工作曲线计算环境CO浓度,系统对CO的检测限低至1×10^-9(V/V),检测精度小于0.1%,准确度在±0.05%以内,可提供我国本底地区近地层大气CO连续而精确的现场测量结果.     

应急监测水中N-甲基哌嗪的气相色谱法

采用气相色谱直接进样法测定了水中N-甲基哌嗪,在3min内完成整个分析过程。直接进水样经毛细管柱分离水中的N-甲基哌嗪,用GC/FID测定,以保留时间定性,峰高定量。在浓度范围为8.44～80.32mg/L时,相对标准偏差为1.8%～2.9%,标准偏差为0.19～1.5mg/L。样品加标回收率为81%。标准曲线的相关系数为0.9992。检出限为0.08mg/L。      

北京、东京、筑波大气中有机污染物组成研究

用低流量采样器及双层采样滤膜 (石英及固相萃取用C1 8膜 )采集了北京、东京和筑波三城市冬季 (1999年 1月 )大气颗粒物和大气气相物质 ,3个城市的共同特点是大气气相物质中含有很高浓度的苯环数 2～ 4的多环芳烃及碳数小于 2 0的正构烷烃 ,大气颗粒物中以 5～ 6个苯环多环芳烃为主。冬季正构烷烃没有明显的偶数碳数和奇数的区别。但是 ,北京大气气相物质和颗粒物中多环芳烃浓度明显高于东京和筑波 ,而且各正构烷烃及多环芳烃的浓度分布也与东京和筑波的不同 ,表明冬季大气中有机污染物来源不同。      

柴油车排气微粒后处理器的研究

通过同种典型微粒过滤器的比选试验,表明高效袋式消烟器微粒捕集效率最高.其结构简单,成本低,耐热性好,因此具有很好的推广价值.如果应用在公路隧道中,能降低隧道内能见度的影响,具有较大的开发前景.      

常温循环流化床烟气脱硫床料的扫描电镜分析

用扫描电镜对循环流化床排烟脱硫实验装置的床料进行了分析研究,得出了床料的能谱图、床料中的元素百分含量以及床料的外观形貌。反应后床料硫含量的增加和反应后床料外缘所形成的一层氢氧化钙和硫酸盐膜说明流化床中的床料起了脱硫剂载体的作用,证实了循环流化床烟气脱硫装置中的脱硫反应。      

漆包线生产工艺废气中主要污染物的监测

以活性炭为吸附材料,用ＣＳ２洗脱,用气相色谱对漆包线生产工艺废气中的主要污染物进行了测定。并对不同吸附段的吸附量进行了比较,提出了一段活性炭吸附改进的快速分析方法。