The application of life cycle assessment to design

This paper explores the practical application of life cycle assessment (LCA) to product system development. While life cycle assessment methods have been studied and demonstrated extensively over the last two decades, their application to product design and development has not been critically addressed. Many organizational and operational factors limit the integration of the three LCA components (inventory analysis, impact assessment and improvement assessment) with product development. Design of the product system can be considered a synthesis of individual decisions and choices made by the design team, which ultimately shape the system's environmental profile. The environmental goal of life cycle design is to minimize the aggregate environmental impacts associated with the product system. Appropriate environmental information must be supplied to decision makers throughout each stage of the development process to achieve this goal. LCA can serve as a source of this information, but informational requirements can vary as the design moves from its conceptual phase, where many design choices are possible, to its detailed design and implementation. Streamlined approaches and other tools, such as design checklists, are essential. The practical use of this tool in product development also depends on the nature and complexity of the product system (e.g. new vs. established), the product development cycle (time-to-market constraints), availability of technical and financial resources, and the design approach (integrated vs. serial). These factors will influence the role and scope of LCA in product development. Effective communication and evaluation of environmental information and the integration of this information with cost, performance, cultural and legal criteria will also be critical to the success of design initiatives based on the life cycle framework. An overview of several of these design initiatives will be presented.     

浅谈沈阳市在可持续发展方面存在的问题及对策

提出了沈阳市在可持续发展方面存在的一些问题，针对性地提出搞好环境保护是实施可持续发展的关键，并论证了应当采取的对策．     

生态农业建设中的水资源生命周期及系统功能响应

论文从生命周期角度，对原先自然环境恶劣、通过生态农业建设取得了良好效果的3个生态农业县的水资源利用进行了全过程研究。结果表明，水资源生命周期过程的进展情况受多种因素影响。目前，各生态农业县水资源生命周期过程仍处在发育的初级阶段。这一过程的完整性与系统生态、经济和社会功能的提高成正比。     

长江口岛屿湿地的底栖动物资源研究

调查了长江口3个岛屿湿地的底栖动物资源及其生态特征和环境功能。经鉴定底栖无脊椎动物有41种,优势种为河蚬(Corbiculafluminea)、焦河蓝蛤(Potamocorbulaustulata)、缢蛏(Sinonovaculaconstricta)、麂眼螺(Rissoinasp.)、光滑狭口螺(Stenothyraglabra)、谭氏泥蟹(Ilyrplaxdeschampsi)、无齿相手蟹(Sesarmadenaani)和天津厚蟹(Helicetridenstientsinensis)。讨论了底栖动物资源的主要生态学特征及其环境功能,提出了对底栖动物资源合理利用与保护的建议。     

生态农业是可持续发展的必然选择

通过对三明市发展生态农业的实践回顾、现状调查及其影响因素的分析，提出相应的对策。     

不可再生资源利用率度量指标研究

通过分析指出不可再生资源利用率是度量可持续发展的一个重要尺度。从产值与不可再生资源消耗相比较的角度出发 ,设置了不可再生资源利用率的度量指标 :单位工业增加值不可再生资源消耗 ,并以中国为例 ,分别以重量与能值为尺度 ,计算以上所设置指标的指标值 ,并对计算结果进行分析与思考。     

水环境化学作用CAI课件的制作

计算机辅助教学CAI（Computer-Assisted Instruction)是现代计算机技术发展与教学内容相结合的产物。本文主要介绍了计算机辅助教学CAI课件的优点和特点。详细说明了水环境化学作用CAI课件的制作过程，探讨了具体制作一个CAI课件的流程。     

胶粉的生产利用现状及前景分析

废橡胶作为工业垃圾 ,已为世界所公认 ,介绍了废橡胶回收利用的意义和方法 ,着重阐述了胶粉的生产利用现状 ,并简要分析了胶粉的生产利用前景     

葫芦岛市可持续发展能力评价

为实现葫芦岛市社会、经济和环境的可持续发展，将可持续发展变成现实的可操作的管理模式．运用层次分析方法对葫芦岛可持续发展能力进行研究，评价葫芦岛市现有可持续发展水平，分析影响可持续发展的原因并提出相应的解决方法。     

沸石在水处理中的应用

本文介绍了中国沸石的种类及其分布概况，以产自甘肃省白银市的斜发沸石为研究对象，对其化学组成及分子晶格形式作了较为详尽的阐述，经实验室检测出其化学组成及物化指标，且对沸石作为吸附剂、离子交换剂、催化剂处理废水的作用机理进行了深入的探讨，对于天然沸石改性进行了实验研究，得出采用氯化钠溶液对天然沸石改性的效果比较理想，改性溶液的最佳浓度为0．9mol/L。研究沸石在沸水处理领域中的应用，分析了沸石处理各类废水的机理，并对沸石处理废水的前景进行了展望。