城市环境系统的权重分配

本文将多目标二级决策法用于城市环境系统的权重分配，对城中环境系统各要素及各要素的表征参数进行客观自动赋权，克服了环境质量评价中权重分配的主观随意性。该方法物理意义清晰，算法简便，具有较好的应用价值。     

以绿化三维量分析植物群降解SO2的宏观效应

控制和降低城市上空ＳＯ２的环境浓度对于改善城市环境，促进城市生态的良性循环具有十分重要的意义。本文从上海市绿化三维量分布模型、与ＳＯ２浓度分布模型的相关分析入手，以季节变化作为对比因子，讨论了城市绿化植物群的数量及分布对城市上空ＳＯ２浓度分布的宏观影响；并据此提出了可有效地控制城市上空ＳＯ２浓度的绿地建设的基本原则。     

呼和浩特市不同粒径空气颗粒物中汞的分布规律

采用分级采样装置 ,于冬夏两季采集呼市三个不同功能区不同粒径空气颗粒物中的汞进行分析 ,结果表明 :呼市空气颗粒物中的汞含量冬季明显高于夏季 ;冬季空气颗粒物中的汞含量为居民区 >交通区 >对照区 ,夏季为交通区 >居民区 >对照区 ;空气中汞主要富集在可吸入粒子中。     

Adaptations to the dynamics of rural water supply from natural sources: A village example in semi-arid Nigeria

Domestic and agro-economic activities in the semi-arid region of Nigeria rely exclusively on rainfall, streamflow and groundwater in deep and alluvial (fadama) aquifers. Such water supply systems are subject to considerable seasonal and inter-annual variability. However, a combination of the various sources may mitigate the effects of water scarcity. This study describes the dynamics of the water sources for a village in northeastern Nigeria as an example that demonstrates the linkages between rainfall, streamflow and groundwater. Such linkages are important for developing strategies to mitigate the effects of climatic variation. Long-term records of rainfall were not available at the site so that the short-term data was interpreted in the context of the long-term climatic experience of the region. The stratigraphic profile of the aquifer was developed from resistivity methods, to supplement information obtained from well level hydrographs. Field observations and analysis of the data reveal that the beginning of the rainy season is a precarious period because none of the water sources are reliable. Rainfall infiltration recharges the shallow aquifers while lateral water flux from the floodwater-saturated fadama also contributes to water level rises in the deep wells. A study of the water level changes in response to deepening of the wells suggests that the wells are fed by an assortment of water-bearing lenses, separated by layers of low transmissivity. One major finding of this study is that there exists a close association between the wells in this riparian community and the recharge processes within the fadama. Upstream diversion, abstraction or impoundment could therefore undermine the viability of aquifer exploitation by the communities in the riparian zone. Analysis of the interactions among the various sources of water leads to the identification of several potential adaptation strategies for confronting the problem of water scarcity.     

镉胁迫下大豆中镉的分布状况及其籽粒品质

溶液培养中0.5μmol·L-1镉胁迫浓度下,大豆表现出轻微受害症状,籽粒减产25 . 7%,而籽粒中粗脂肪和粗蛋白含量变化不大.镉在大豆中的积累分布状况为根>叶>籽>油,比例为32.100:1.690:1.000:0.003.大豆籽粒含镉4.89mg/kg,超过了国家环境标准规定的最高容许量.而大豆粗脂肪中含镉仅0.015mg/kg,远低于国家食品环境卫生标准.豆粕中含镉6.17mg/kg,表明大豆籽粒中的镉主要存在于粗蛋白和淀粉中.     

Characteristics of phosphorus chemistry and its geographical distribution in the Haihe River valley,North China

ＣｈａｒａｃｔｅｒｉｓｔｉｃｓｏｆｐｈｏｓｐｈｏｒｕｓｃｈｅｍｉｓｔｒｙａｎｄｉｔｓｇｅｏｇｒａｐｈｉｃａｌｄｉｓｔｒｉｂｕｔｉｏｎｉｎｔｈｅＨａｉｈｅＲｉｖｅｒｖａｌｌｅｙ，ＮｏｒｔｈＣｈｉｎａＪｉａｎｇＧａｏｍｉｎｇ；ＨｕａｎｇＹｉｎｘｉａｏ；Ｌ...     

Yellow River Valley flood and drought disaster:spatial-temporal distribution predictionand early-warning

ＹｅｌｌｏｗＲｉｖｅｒＶａｌｌｅｙｆｌｏｏｄａｎｄｄｒｏｕｇｈｔｄｉｓａｓｔｅｒ：ｓｐａｔｉａｌ－ｔｅｍｐｏｒａｌｄｉｓｔｒｉｂｕｔｉｏｎｐｒｅｄｉｃｔｉｏｎａｎｄｅａｒｌｙ－ｗａｒｎｉｎｇＧａｏＬｉｎ，ＳｈａＷａｎｙｉｎｇ，ＬｉｕＨｕａｉｑｕａｎ，...     

玉溪市环境空气质量及污染物分布状况研究

分析了2002年玉溪市各县区县城环境空气质量状况和污染特征 提出应采取措施,减轻SO2,对城市大气的污染。     

昆明西山土壤—植物系统Fe,Mn,Ni分布特征

本文利用统计分析和吸收系数描述了昆明西山土壤－植物系统中Ｆｅ，Ｍｎ，Ｎｉ分布特征。结果表明，受试植物在土壤－植物系统中对Ｎｉ元素均表现出相对的稀释和绥冲作用；对Ｍｎ元素，除了菊科夏田菊，山紫金子和牛旁外，均表现出相对富集作用。     

重庆市主城区大气中NO2浓度时空分布特征

利用2017年1月1日～2017年12月31日重庆市主城区17个国控空气质量监测站24 h自动连续采样的二氧化氮(NO_2)浓度小时数据,探讨九个主城区大气中NO_2浓度的时空分布特征、与气象参数之间的关系和气团运动的影响。结果表明,主城区大气NO_2浓度全年北碚区达标率较高(76.16%),渝中区达标率低(3.84%),日均浓度呈夏季前下降、夏季后上升的趋势;月均浓度表现为冬季月份浓度高,其次为春季、秋季和夏季月份;周六、周日、周一和周二的浓度均值较高,周三、周四和周五的较低;小时浓度基本呈5:00～11:00和16:00～20:00上升、其余时间段下降的变化趋势;大气NO_2浓度空间分布差异显著,西北地区(北碚)大气NO_2浓度偏低、渝中区及其附近区域浓度偏高。影响大气中的NO_2浓度的主要气象因素有:气温、降水量、气压、日照和相对湿度;四季气流输送中,春冬季气流轨迹相似,主要源自西部、西北部气流,春季气流轨迹的ρ(NO_2)最高,夏季最低。研究结果可为今后重庆市大气的治理提供研究基础。