煤层注水过程分析和煤体润湿机理研究

分析了煤层注水过程中水在煤体中的运动动力和过程,用界面化学理论分析了煤体表面的润湿过程,得出了煤体能够自行润湿的条件,即润湿过程的润湿功必须为正,同时得出了各种润湿过程的判断依据.根据上述理论分析,阐明了煤层注水降尘的润湿机理,为煤层注水提供理论基础.     

Experimental research into effects of obstacle on methane-coal dust hybrid explosion

An experimental system including pressure transducer, data acquisition card, computer and electric spark ignition device was set up to research methane-coal dust hybrid explosions in closed tubes with different types of obstacles inside. Its dynamic response time was less than a millisecond and the test precision was 0.1%. The experimental results show that the obstacles had great effects on the explosion characteristics in the tube. Hollow obstacles linked with inner wall of the tube induced faster pressure rising than installed center blocked solid obstacles. Obstacles with more sharp corner induce more violent explosions. The most dangerous explosion occurred when spacing between obstacles almost equaled the inner diameter of the tube for the same size obstacle.     

南钢1~#、2~#高炉出铁场除尘系统风量集中改造的实践

论述了南钢1#、2#炉出铁场除尘风量集中改造技术,并对风量集中改造的原因、改造方案和效果进行评定,利用两个高炉共用一个出铁场除尘器的特点,瞬时将风量集中到单座大喷的高炉,强化异常生产状态下铁口抽风的效果,解决大喷时厂房"冒烟"的问题。     

纺织工业粉尘爆炸危险区域划分方法

根据国家标准,分析了爆炸性粉尘环境危险区域划分的方法和步骤,以粉尘释放源释放频率和形成爆炸混合物的可能性为指标,给出了危险区域划分方法,并以某纺织企业为例进行了说明,所得结果对纺织企业的安全生产具有借鉴意义。     

移动通风槽技术在攀钢炼铁高炉矿槽除尘系统的应用

采用移动通风槽技术对攀钢炼铁高炉矿槽除尘系统槽上原有吸尘点进行改造,改造后达到节能减排、降低成本的目的,具有一定的经济效益及环境效益.     

煤矿综掘面泡沫降尘技术研究与实施

针对煤矿综掘面粉尘治理技术中存在的不足,采用泡沫降尘新技术结合长压短抽式通风方式进行粉尘防治。以霍尔辛赫矿为例,根据井下实际情况,利用GAMB IT和FLUENT建立掘进巷道的几何模型,并对巷道掘进通风过程中粉尘分布规律进行解算,将模拟结果和现场实测数据对比,确定掘进面回风侧的高浓度粉尘分布区。对掘进面煤样进行湿润性试验,确定最佳的发泡剂添加比例。综合以上情况,泡沫降尘技术实施时采用环形前置式喷头布置,发泡剂添加比例定为10‰,并在回风侧距掘进面5 m、距底板2 m处设置风筒,将高浓度粉尘抽出并沉降。现场实测数据显示,泡沫降尘技术降尘效率明显高于喷雾降尘技术。使用泡沫降尘时,在司机侧测得全尘及呼吸性粉尘降尘效率分别达到75.4%和74.7%。     

Collecting representative dust samples: A comparison of various sampling methods in underground coal mines

Former methods used in the U.S. to assess hazardous and explosible coal dust date back to the 1950s. As mining technologies advanced, so too have the hazards. Given the results of the recent coal dust particle size survey and full-scale experimental mine explosion tests, the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) recommended a new minimum standard, in the absence of background methane, of 80% total incombustible content (TIC) be required in the intake airways of bituminous coal mines, replacing the previous 65% TIC requirement. Most important to monitoring and maintaining the 80% TIC is the ability to effectively collect and analyze representative dust samples that would likely disperse and participate in dust explosion propagation. Research has shown that dust suspended on elevated surfaces is usually finer, more reactive, and more readily dispersible while floor deposits of dust are generally coarser and more difficult to disperse given the same blast of air. The roof, rib, and floor portions of the dust samples were collected and analyzed for incombustible content separately and the results were compared to a band sample of the roof, rib, and floor components. Results indicate that the roof and rib dust samples should be kept separate from floor dust samples and considered individually for analyses. The various experimental collection methods are detailed along with preferred sampling approaches that improve the detectability of potentially hazardous accumulations of explosible dust.     

Hybrid H2/Al dust explosions in Siwek sphere

Explosion indices and explosion behaviour of Al dust/H₂/air mixtures were studied using standard 20 l sphere. The study was motivated by an explosion hazard occurring at some accidental scenarios considered now in ITER design (International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor). During Loss-of-Vacuum or Loss-of-Coolant Accidents (LOCA/LOVA) it is possible to form inside the ITER vacuum vessel an explosible atmosphere containing fine Be or W dusts and hydrogen. To approach the Be/H₂ explosion problem, Be dust is substituted in this study by aluminium, because of high toxicity of Be dusts. The tested dust concentrations were 100, 200, 400, 800, and 1200 g/m3; hydrogen concentrations varied from 8 to 20 vol. % with 2% step. The mixtures were ignited by a weak electric spark. Pressure evolutions were recorded during the mixture explosions. In addition, the gaseous compositions of the combustion products were measured by a quadruple mass-spectrometer. The dust was involved in the explosion process at all hydrogen and dust concentrations even at the combination ‘8%/100 g/m3’. In all the other tests the explosion overpressures and the pressure rise rates were noticeably higher than those relevant to pure H₂/air mixtures and pure Al dust/air mixtures. At lower hybrid fuel concentrations the mixture exploded in two steps: first hydrogen explosion followed by a clearly separated Al dust explosion. With rising concentrations, the two-phase explosion regime transits to a single-phase regime where the two fuel components exploded together as a single fuel. In this regime both the hybrid explosion pressures and pressure rise rates are higher than either H₂ or Al ones. The two fuels compete for the oxygen; the higher the dust concentration, the more part of O2 it consumes (and the more H₂ remains in the combustion products). The test results are used to support DUST3D CFD code developed at KIT to model LOCA or LOVA scenarios in ITER.     

不同磁化抑尘剂对煤粉润湿性影响规律的实验研究

针对微小粒径粉尘具有危害大且难润湿的问题,基于润湿剂与磁场对水滴颗粒的耦合改性机理,研究不同磁场强度下各抑尘剂对煤粉润湿性影响,采用座滴法测定磁化试剂的煤粉表面接触角,通过粉尘润湿机理进行分析,煤尘沉降Walker实验进行佐证,得到抑尘剂种类、浓度与磁化强度对煤粉的润湿性规律。结果表明:未经磁化的高于临界胶束浓度值溶液对煤尘的润湿能力变化不大,阴离子表面活性剂溶液对煤样的润湿能力强于非离子表面活性剂溶液和阳离子表面活性剂溶液;磁化强度为500 mT的磁化溶液对煤尘润湿能力达到最佳效果。