Protozooplankton in the Deep Oligotrophic Traunsee (Austria) Influenced by Discharges of Soda and Salt Industries

Traunsee is a deep oligotrophic lake in Austria characterised by an artificial enrichment of chloride in the hypolimnion (up to 170 mg L^-1) caused by waste disposal of soda and salt industries. Protists were collected monthly over one year, observed alive and after Quantitative Protargol Staining (ciliates) or via epifluorescence microscopy (heterotrophic flagellates). Three sites within the lake (0–40 m depths) were compared to deeper water layers from 60–160 m depths where chloride concentrations and conductivity were increased. In addition, we observed the protozooplankton of two neighbouring lakes, i.e. reference systems, during one sampling occasion. In Traunsee the abundance of ciliates was low (200–36 600 cells L^-1) in contrast to high species diversity (at least 60 different species; H_S = 2.6) throughout the year. The main pelagic species in terms of abundance were small oligotrichs and prostomatids like Rimostrombidium brachykinetum/hyalinum, Balanion planctonicum and Urotricha spp. throughout the investigation period. Among free-living heterotrophic flagellates, which occurred at densities of 40–2800 cells mL^-1, small morphotypes dominated in the pelagial. No differences at the community level between the three lakes could be observed and pelagic ciliates and flagellates seemed not to be affected by increased chloride concentrations or by enhanced conductivity.     

用改性活性碳纤维去除CO2原料气中的H2S

采用固定床动态吸附实验，用改性活性碳纤维（ACF）吸附去除CO2原料气中的H2S。通过改变改性剂种类、反应温度和原料气中CO2浓度，找出用改性ACF去除CO2原料气中H2S的规律。实验结果表明：常温下，可用NaON改性的ACF来消除CO2的酸性对去除H2S的不利影响；随着反应温度的升高，CO2与ACF形成的C（O＊）中间产物增多，CO2的存在有利于改性ACF去除H2S；而当反应温度过高时，CO2与ACF形成的C（O＊）中间产物发生分解，导致ACF碳化，不利于H2S的吸附去除。     

Model of chloride ingress into concrete in cold regions

Chloride ingress and freeze-thaw cycles are the most important mechanisms for deterioration of concrete in cold areas. In this study, chloride ingress into concrete that has been exposed to freeze-thaw cycles was investigated. Data demonstrated that freeze-thaw cycles allow for a larger effective diffusion coefficient. Based on our findings, the concept of a developing coefficient was defined to obtain the evolution equation of the effective diffusion coefficient. Together with considering the effect of aging of concrete on the effective diffusion coefficient, the time-dependent diffusion coefficient was also obtained. Based on Fick's second law and time-dependent diffusion coefficient, chloride ingress model of concrete in cold regions was derived. Finally, the model was tested by comparing predicted results, lab results, and in situ inspection data.     

过氧化氢/磷钼酸体系的催化机制及对苯胺的降解效果

以苯胺为目标污染物,通过苯胺的降解实验从3类6种过氧化氢催化剂中筛选出催化效果较好的杂多酸催化剂磷钼酸(PMA)。利用氧化还原电位测定法、电子顺磁共振波谱法、化学发光法以及拉曼光谱法分析了H₂O₂/PMA催化体系的催化机制,初步推测PMA催化H₂O₂生成高活性的[Mo(OO)₂]*和[Mo(OOH)₂]*中间体。同时,考察了PMA用量、pH以及苯胺与活性氧的摩尔比对苯胺降解效果的影响,获得了H₂O₂/PMA体系最佳反应条件。当H₂O₂和PMA质量分数分别为1%和0.365‰、溶液pH为4,在1 min内对4 mg·mL⁻¹苯胺的降解率可达98%以上。通过气相色谱质谱联用仪(GC/MS)、液相色谱质谱联用仪(LC/MS)和离子色谱(IC)等仪器分析方法检测确定苯胺的降解产物,推测其在H₂O₂/PMA催化体系的降解途径主要以N、C原子的氧化和聚合反应为主。     

碳酸锶生产中锶盐废渣的危险特性分析

采集西南某碳酸锶生产企业不同年份下碳酸锶生产过程中产生的锶盐废渣(下称“锶渣”),分析其重金属浓度、浸出浓度及遇酸反应生成的H₂S浓度,研究锶渣的危险特性。结果表明:锶渣中Sr浓度最高,最大值为175 000 mg/kg,均值为112 000 mg/kg;其次是Ba浓度,最大值和均值分别为6 020和3 420 mg/kg;其他重金属如As、Cr、Cu、Ni、Pb、Be和Cd浓度均低于100 mg/kg;锶渣中Sr的浸出浓度最高,其最大值和均值分别为360和180 mg/L,Ba、Pb和As的浸出浓度均较低;锶渣中的硫化物遇酸反应生成H₂S,其浓度均值为0.23 mg/kg,最大值为0.45 mg/kg;锶渣中重金属的浸出浓度和遇酸生成H₂S的浓度总体上随着堆存时间延长而降低。     

双氧水强化微电解法处理硝基苯废水的试验研究

以某化工厂的硝基苯生产废水为研究对象,在小试确定试验条件的基础上,采用双氧水强化微电解法对废水进行处理,探讨双氧水强化微电解法对废水处理的原理及处理工艺条件.实验结果表明：双氧水强化微电解法处理难降解有机废水,效果好,可以提高废水的生化性,为废水的后续处理提供了有利条件,是难生化有机废水处理的有效方法之一.     

超声-双氧水和亚铁离子体系处理含酚废水研究

在实验装置上对超声-双氧水和亚铁离子体系联合处理含酚废水进行了实验研究。主要考察了废水初始pH值、初始双氧水浓度、超声功率、反应时间等因素对酚去除率的影响。实验结果表明：超声辐射可以在双氧水和亚铁离子体系氧化过程中起加速反应的作用，而且随着超声功率的增大，加速反应的能力增强；实验条件下废水初始pH值为4～6．8，初始双氧水浓度为140mg／L时酚去除效果最佳；超声-双氧水和亚铁离子体系处理含酚废水过程中苯酚的降解规律符合表现一级反应。     

Polyvinyl chloride used as a chlorinating and a reducing agent

Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) or vinyl is a recyclable material. It can be used as a chlorinating and a reducing agent. Two tests of chlorination and reduction of two different samples of jarosite and hematite were realized using PVC, results are presented in this paper. The chlorination test shows that the HCl gas produced from PVC and heated at ≈250°C can be used as a chlorine source to recover as chlorinated compounds the valuable metals such as Zn, Pb contained in jarosite. The XRD reveals the presence of lead and zinc chlorides in the condensates obtained. The second test of reduction was conducted using a mixture of PVC and hematite treated in a nitrogen atmosphere between 200 and 1000°C. The results show that at low temperature, PVC produces HCl and with kinetic consideration, no reactions can be observed with hematite. However, at high temperature, the weight of the hematite sample decreases by ≈15%, due to the reduction of hematite to iron metal.     

微波辅助改性壳聚糖的制备及其絮凝性能

以壳聚糖、阳离子醚化剂二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵为原材料,采用微波辐射的方法,制备了壳聚糖接枝共聚物（壳聚糖-二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵）,并通过红外光谱分析对改性壳聚糖进行了表征。以接枝率为标准,确定改性壳聚糖的最佳反应条件,并以高岭土悬浊液和实际生活污水作为处理对象,测定了改性壳聚糖的絮凝性能。结果表明,壳聚糖接枝共聚物的最佳制备条件是微波反应温度55℃,反应时间20 min,壳聚糖0.5 g,微波功率270 W,阳离子醚化剂的浓度20%,在此条件下,合成的改性壳聚糖的接枝率为80%。红外光谱分析结果显示,已成功地合成了壳聚糖-二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵接枝共聚物。在絮凝实验中,壳聚糖接枝共聚物的去浊率最高达到91%,COD去除率最高达到77%。其结果表明,壳聚糖接枝共聚物的絮凝性能明显高于原料壳聚糖。     

壳聚糖-丙烯酰胺-二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵三元接枝共聚物的合成及应用

在N2保护下,以硝硬驱铈铵为引发剂,将壳聚糖（CTS）、丙烯酰胺（AM）及二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵（DMDAAC）接枝共聚得到CTS-AM-DMDAAC三元接枝共聚物,考察了反应条件对接枝共聚反应的影响。实验结果表明,在反应温度50℃、反应时间5-6h,m（CTS）：m（AM）：m（DMAAAC）=1：6：0.67、c（Ce^4＋）=0.8mmol/L的最佳反应条件下,接枝共聚反应的接枝率和接枝效率分别为64%和10.5%。用傅里叶变换红外光谱仪对CTS-AM-DMDAAC进行了表征。絮凝实验结果表明：CTS-AM-DMDAAC对高岭土水样具有较强的絮凝能力,可在很宽的pH范围内使用。用CTS-AM-DMDAAC处理COD为165.5mg/L的啤酒生产废水,COD去除率达90.1%.