Color removal from dye-containing wastewater by magnesium chloride

Color removal by MgCl(2) when treating synthetic waste containing pure dyes was studied. The color removal efficiency of MgCl(2)/Ca(OH)(2) was compared with that of Al(2)(SO(4))(3), polyaluminum chloride (PAC) and FeSO(4)/Ca(OH)(2). The mechanism of color removal by MgCl(2) was also investigated. The experimental results show that the color removal efficiency of MgCl(2) is related to the type of dye and depends on the pH of the waste and the dosage of the coagulants used. Treatment of waste containing reactive dye or dispersed dye with MgCl(2) yielded an optimum color removal ratio when the pH of the solution was equal to or above 12.0. For both the reactive and dispersed dye waste, MgCl(2)/Ca(OH)(2) was shown to be superior to MgCl(2)/NaOH, Al(2)(SO(4))(3), PAC and FeSO(4)/Ca(OH)(2) for color removal. A magnesium hydroxide precipitate formed at pH values greater than 12.0, which provided a large adsorptive surface area and a positive electrostatic surface charge, enabling it to remove the dyes through charge neutralization and an adsorptive coagulating mechanism. So, the MgCl(2)/Ca(OH)(2) system is a viable alternative to some of the more conventional forms of chemical treatment, especially for treating actual textile waste with high natural pH.     

Removal of phenol from aqueous solution by adsorption onto OTMAC-modified attapulgite

The potential of octodecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (OTMAC)-modified attapulgite (AT) for phenol adsorption from aqueous solutions was studied. The comparison of natural AT and modified AT showed that it is possible to utilize the sonication-modified OTMAC-AT in the treatment of phenol-contaminated wastewaters. Batch sorption studies were carried out to evaluate the effect of contact time, shaking frequency, temperature and the amount of AT. The results showed that in a lab-scale reactor, at room temperature, with an amount of the modified AT added (2.5 g), and a shaking frequency of 140 rev/min, the adsorption rate of phenol could be 60.4% for a duration of 60 min. The sorption kinetics were described by a pseudo-second-order model, and the values of k and q(e) were 1.367 mg/ig min and 0.7901 ig/mg, respectively. The analysis of equilibrium data showed that the Freundlich isotherms were found to be applicable for the adsorption equilibrium data. K and 1/n were estimated to be 14.53 and 0.8438, respectively.     

C/N比对嗜酸细菌X-29产氢能力及其酶活性的影响

C/N比影响细菌的物质和能量代谢,为了提高产氢细菌的产氢效能,通过间歇产氢实验和酶活性分析方法,分析了在不同C/N比下嗜酸产氢细菌X-29的产氢能力以及氢化酶和乙醇脱氢酶的活性表达情况.研究结果表明,C/N比对产氢细菌的代谢及其相关酶的表达有显著的影响.虽然在不同C/N比下单位生物量的液相末端发酵产物差异不大,但是产氢能力存在显著的差异,当C/N比为14时产氢细菌X-29具有最大累积产氢量2 210.9mL/g.在不同C/N比下氢化酶的表达活性不同,氢化酶活性随着发酵的进行达到高峰后迅速降低,氢化酶的表达周期较短.乙醇脱氢酶活性随着代谢进程逐渐升高后而趋于平稳,不同C/N比时表达活性差异较小,表达周期较长.在C/N比为14时,氢化酶和乙醇脱氢酶的活性最高,分别为2.8μmol·(min·mg)^-1和33.2μmol·(min·mg)^-1.     

水中氯化物测定的不确定度评定

根据硝酸银滴定法测定水中氯化物的含量，分析了该方法测量不确定度的来源，评定了水中氯化物的测量不确定度，在各不确定度中，以标准溶液配制与样品分析时滴定消耗的硝酸银体积引入的不确定度较大。     

硫化氢的危害与防治

对硫化氢在油气田中的存在状况和危害性的研究结果表明,其主要危害是引起人员中毒以及氢脆作用造成的油田设备腐蚀。详细介绍了防治硫化氢的方法和措施,包括沉淀法、物理吸收法、钾碱法和氨水法、氧化法、金属氧化物吸收法、高压静电法等。对各种方法的防治机理及其应用状况进行了论述。     

回流法测定废水中氯化物的改进及排除B_r~-、I~-等多种干扰作用的研究

本文在常规Ｖｏｌｈｏｒｄ回滴法测定氯化物中，加入一定量聚（Ｉ）〔１〕防凝聚剂，可以防止经典法不可避免的复分解反应，保证测定结果的准确性；同时研究了通过控制不同酸度、温度及加入不同类型试剂等简便化学手段除去十多种常见干扰物质的方法，尤其能有效除去现有各方法中最为棘手、难度较大的同族元素Ｂ－ｒ、Ｉ－等干扰，方法简便、快速、效果显著，在工业废水的测定中优于其它方法。     

高氯废水中COD_(Cr)的快速测定

本文介绍了一种快速测定高氯废水中ＣＯＤＣｒ的方法。提出以ＡｇＮＯ３和ＣｒＫ（ＳＯ４）２·１２Ｈ２Ｏ代替ＨｇＳＯ４作为消除氯离子干扰的抑制剂。试验结果表明，它能有效地抑制水样中高达２５０００ｍｇ／Ｌ氯离子的干扰。本法具有较高的准确度和精密度。     

加盐法测定高锰酸钾指数

探讨了在碱性条件下，加入氯化钙能提高高锰酸钾对有机物的氧化率，从而得到比常法高的高锰酸钾指数，能真实地反映水体受污染的情况。     

Effects of Cd2+ on the nucleolus in root tip cells of Allium cepa

The effects of different concentrations of cadmium chloride ranging from 0.5 to 20 ppm on the nucleolus in root tip cells of Allium cepa were studied using the silver staining technique. The results indicated that after the treatment with Cd²⁺,different changes in nucleolar morphology appeared. The nucleolar material was extruded from the nucleus into the cytoplasm,and the nucleoli at mitotic metaphase did not disappear. Apparently,cadmium showed a specific effects on the nucleoli in root tip cells of Allium cepa. The possible mechanism behind this phenomenon is also briefly discussed.     

化学-生物絮凝工艺处理上海城市合流污水研究

为了评估化学 生物絮凝处理上海合流污水在技术上的可行性 ,使用聚合氯化铝 (PAC)絮凝剂 ,由于整合了化学与生物的作用 ,在相同絮凝剂投加量条件下 ,化学 生物絮凝工艺比单纯的化学絮凝工艺对污染物的去除率要高 .该工艺提供了高效的处理 ,在满足出水标准的前提下使污水厂建设占地大幅度减少 .在优化的运行条件下 ,CODCr、TP和SS的去除率分别为70 %、6 2 8%和 88% .通过对 8个模拟系统的耗氧实验证明了化学 生物絮凝处理工艺中生物作用的存在 ,从理论上解释了工艺高效的原因