Preparation and characterization of organic polymer modified composite polyaluminum chloride

Compared with traditional aluminum salts, polyaluminum chloride （PACI） has better coagulation-flocculation performance in turbidity removal. However, it is still inferior to organic polymers in terms of bridging function. In order to improve the aggregating property of PACl, different composite PACl flocculants were prepared with various organic polymers. The effect of organic polymer on the distribution or Al（Ⅲ） species in composite flocculants was studied using ^27TAl NMR and Al-ferron complexation methods. The charge neutralization and surface adsorption characteristics of composite flocculants were also investigated. Jar tests were conducted to evaluate the turbidity removal efficacy of organic polymer modified composite flocculants. The study shows that cationic polymer and anionic polymer have significant influences on the coagulation-flocculation behaviors of PACl. Both cationic and anionic polymers can improve the turbidity removal performancc of PACl but the mechanisms arc much different： cationic organic polymer mainly increases the charge neutralization ability, but anionic polymer mainly enhances the bridging function.     

氢氰酸原料化工生产装置的安全对策

由于氢氰酸既有剧毒性又有火灾爆炸的危险性,采用氢氰酸为生产原料的化工生产企业,安全生产只有依据国家规范和标准,从防毒、防火防爆等几个方面来全面制定安全对策,才能防范安全生产事故的发生.     

亚铁－过氧化氢氧化法处理染料中间体H酸生产废液的研究

Ｈ酸生产过程中排出的废液中含有大量萘的衍生物,对生物具有毒性,是目前最难处理的废水之一。本研究采用亚铁－过氧化氢氧化法对该废液进行处理,以改善它的可生化性能,降低水中有机物的溶解性,提高混凝处理效率。结果表明,最佳pH值为2～4,亚铁的适宜投加量为200mg/L,当H₂O₂投加量为30g/L时,COD去除率为50％,废水已具有可生化性。经亚铁－过氧化氢氧化处理（H₂O₂的投加量为3g/L）后的废液,再用FeCl₃进行两级混凝处理（FeCl₃的量分别为15和5g/L）,COD的去除率达90％,H酸氧化过程中,HO先和萘环上的钝化基团发生置换反应,使萘环活化,进一步氧化,萘环裂解,最终转化为无机物。研究结果对提高该种废水生物处理效率有实用意义。     

A semipermeable membrane equilibrator for halomethanes in seawater

An equilibrator for sampling the partial pressures of halomethanes in seawater was designed and built, incorporating semipermeable membrane tubing to carry the gas phase. The equilibrator was tested for its ability to equilibrate chloromethane, bromomethane, iodomethane, and CFC-11. The residence time required for these halomethanes to equilibrate in the tubing (30 to 60 s) was determined experimentally. In a laboratory test, concentrations calculated from equilibrator measurements and based on published solubility values were found to differ by 6% to 16% from concentrations measured with a purge-and-trap apparatus, but uncertainties in the solubility values are likely to contribute significantly to the differences. In a comparison at sea, no significant difference was found between the semipermeable membrane equilibrator and another, more conventional equilibrator, except a 1.3% difference for CFC-11. This study demonstrates the feasibility of using semipermeable membranes in this and related applications.     

高浓度聚合氯化铁混凝剂的净水效果

采用共聚方法制备聚合氯化铁混凝剂．试验了它对模拟水的除浊和脱色效果,对高、中、低浊度的地表水以及炼油废水的处理效果．实验结果表明：与FeCl3相比,聚合氯化铁(PFC)具有更好的除浊、脱色效果,COD去除率、除油率的效果大大提高;W／Fe摩尔比对PFC混凝效果的影响不尽相同,在实际水处理中,应根据处理对象的不同,选择合适的参数以达到最佳的混凝效果．     

壳聚糖絮凝剂对聚合氯化铝的助凝作用

以壳聚糖絮凝剂作为聚合氯化铝(PAC)的助凝剂,絮凝处理颐和园昆明湖湖水,考察了PAC在壳聚糖助凝作用下对浊度和有机物的去除效果,以及水中残留铝浓度的变化．结果表明,壳聚糖对PAC的助凝作用显著,PAC中加入壳聚糖絮凝剂后,浊度和有机物去除率均明显提高．     

絮凝剂PFCS的制备及其性能研究

利用Ｈ２ＳＯ４－ＨＣｌ混酸溶解轧钢废钢渣的溶出液作原料,制成一种新型无机高分子絮凝剂聚合氯硫酸铁。试验了它的絮凝性能,并与聚全硫酸铁的絮凝效果进行了比较。实验结果表明：ＰＦＣＳ在ｐＨ＝６－９的范围内具有良好的絮凝去浊性能;絮凝条件相同,将浊工为４２５度的黄河水样处理至５度以下,ＰＦＣＳ的投用量仅需１０ｍｇ／Ｌ,而ＰＦＳ的投用量至少需２５ｍｇ／Ｌ。     

氯丙烯直接环氧化工艺反应物料危险性研究

为了保证利用双氧水氧化氯丙烯直接环氧化制备环氧氯丙烷新工艺的安全开发,针对此工艺涉及的混合危险物料,利用C80量热仪对混合物料热稳定性进行了测试,获得了混合物料热扫描曲线;利用AKTS软件处理得到了混合物料热特性参数和分解动力学数据,在此基础上结合HYSIS软件进行了预防气相燃爆方面的安全分析。结果表明:混合物料初始pH值为8左右,其pH值随放置时间延长而降低;混合物料TD24值为21.3℃,混合物料发生失控的可能性等级为高;混合物料中双氧水分解受温度影响较大,在30℃和60℃下,混合物料分别经过1.3 h和0.8 h就会分解释放出达到氧含量报警值的氧气。     

高分子除氯剂对水中氯离子的吸附机理

采用高分子除氯剂吸附水中的氯离子,考察了除氯剂投加量、反应时间、反应温度、竞争离子等对氯离子去除率的影响。实验结果表明:随着除氯剂投加量增加,氯离子去除率不断提高;吸附动力学符合拟二级动力学模型,表明化学吸附可能是氯离子吸附过程的速率控制步骤;Elovich模型表明除氯剂表面吸附的氯离子存在非均相扩散的吸附-脱附过程;Freundlich等温吸附模型能更好地描述吸附过程,结合热力学计算表明该过程是一个自发进行的吸热熵增的化学吸附过程,温度越高自发程度越大。     

PVC弹性填料生物膜法处理含H2S气体

采用ＰＶＣ弹性填料进行好氧生物膜法气体脱硫研究,结果表明,微生物挂膜速度快,驯化时间短,抗冲击负荷能力较强。在空速１００～２００ｈ＾－１,喷淋水量１０００～１５００Ｌ／（ｍ＾３．ｈ）、进气Ｈ２Ｓ质量浓度〈１２００ｍｇ／ｍ＾３时,Ｈ２Ｓ去除率达９０％以上。