CuO/AC@SiO_2的制备及对H_2S的深度脱除

采用模板法在CuO外包裹一层具有介孔结构的SiO_2,制备了CuO/AC@SiO_2。采用X射线衍射仪对CuO/AC@SiO_2的结构和催化活性位点进行了表征。通过固定床气固吸附实验,研究了CuO/AC@SiO_2对H_2S的吸附脱除性能。表征结果显示,CuO是催化氧化H_2S的活性中心,被氧化成Cu2O后吸附脱除H_2S的性能下降。实验结果表明:CuO/AC吸附H_2S时的有效穿透时间为117 min,CuO/AC@SiO_2的有效穿透时间提高到141 min,CuO/AC@SiO_2对H_2S的吸附性能明显提高;以Cu(NO_3)_2为前驱体的CuO/AC@SiO_2对H_2S的吸附量高于以Cu(AC)_2为前驱体;在Cu(NO_3)_2为前驱体、m(正硅酸乙酯)∶m(CuO/AC)=0.7、吸附温度为90℃的最佳条件下,CuO/AC@SiO_2对H_2S的吸附量达17.40 mg/g。     

Deposition behavior of residual aluminum in drinking water distribution system: Effect of aluminum speciation

Finished drinking water usually contains some residual aluminum.The deposition of residual aluminum in distribution systems and potential release back to the drinking water could significantly influence the water quality at consumer taps.A preliminary analysis of aluminum content in cast iron pipe corrosion scales and loose deposits demonstrated that aluminum deposition on distribution pipe surfaces could be excessive for water treated by aluminum coagulants including polyaluminum chloride（PACl）.In this work,the deposition features of different aluminum species in PACl were investigated by simulated coil-pipe test,batch reactor test and quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring.The deposition amount of non-polymeric aluminum species was the least,and its deposition layer was soft and hydrated,which indicated the possible formation of amorphous Al（OH）₃.Al₁₃ had the highest deposition tendency,and the deposition layer was rigid and much less hydrated,which indicated that the deposited aluminum might possess regular structure and self-aggregation of Al₁₃could be the main deposition mechanism.While for Al₃₀,its deposition was relatively slower and deposited aluminum amount was relatively less compared with Al₁₃.However,the total deposited mass of Al₃₀ was much higher than that of Al₁₃,which was attributed to the deposition of particulate aluminum matters with much higher hydration state.Compared with stationary condition,stirring could significantly enhance the deposition process,while the effect of pH on deposition was relatively weak in the near neutral range of 6.7 to 8.7.     

油酸钠对餐厨垃圾两相厌氧发酵中利用乙酸产甲烷过程的影响

为了研究餐厨垃圾油脂中含有的长链脂肪酸(主要是油酸)对两相厌氧发酵中利用乙酸产甲烷过程的影响,采用中温(35±1)℃批式发酵,以浓度为10 g·L~(-1)的餐厨垃圾厌氧发酵产甲烷相出水为接种液,以乙酸为底物,考察了添加不同浓度油酸钠对累积甲烷产量、产甲烷古菌数量以及发酵过程中乙酸代谢和氢气分压的影响.结果表明:1产甲烷延滞期随油酸钠浓度增加而延长.2油酸钠浓度低于6.0 g·L~(-1)的处理组经过延滞期后乙酸代谢恢复正常,可以完全被转化为甲烷,且部分油酸钠也可被转化为甲烷;油酸钠浓度高于8.0 g·L~(-1)的处理组乙酸代谢受到严重抑制,只有少量甲烷生成;油酸钠生成中间代谢产物,且甲烷转化率为0.3油酸钠对厌氧发酵中产甲烷古菌有严重的抑制作用,产甲烷古菌数量大幅度减少是乙酸代谢过程受到抑制的主要原因.4油酸钠的添加量超过6.0 g·L~(-1)时,在发酵初期会引起产甲烷相中氢分压的升高,也证实了油酸钠对厌氧发酵的抑制作用.     

厌氧消化结合双氧水溶胞处理剩余污泥试验研究

通过实验室装置将城市污水厂剩余污泥厌氧消化后进行双氧水溶胞脱水处理,分析组合工艺对污泥脱水性能的改善效果,并探索双氧水调理厌氧消化污泥的最佳反应条件,考察脱水滤液回流与剩余污泥共同厌氧消化对滤液的处理效果,并对组合工艺的产、耗能进行了分析。试验结果表明:厌氧消化污泥在双氧水调理下脱水性能显著改善,厌氧消化过程能减少双氧水用量;双氧水调理厌氧消化污泥的最佳反应条件为:双氧水投加量0.106 m L/g(以干污泥计),p H=3,调理时间60 min,调理温度为常温;污泥溶胞脱水滤液回流处理效果良好,且对污泥厌氧消化过程无明显不良影响;厌氧消化产能不仅能够维持自身反应,还有富余能量供出。     

Phosphorus-doped graphene supported palladium (Pd/PG) electrocatalyst for the hydrogen evolution reaction in PEM water electrolysis

PEM water electrolysis is one of the most efficient methods for the production of hydrogen because of produced high purity of the gases and environmentally friendly. In the present study, Phosphorus-doped Graphene (PG) was synthesized by thermal annealing of triphenylphosphine (TPP) and graphene oxide (GO). The PG supported palladium (Pd/PG) electrocatalysts were synthesized by chemical reduction method and used as the cathode for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) electrode. Structural properties and electrochemical performances of the synthesized Pd/PG electrocatalyst were studied by FE-SEM, EDS, ICP, FT-IR, XRD, and Cyclic voltammetry (CV) methods, respectively. The membrane electrode assemblies (MEA’s) were fabricated using Pd/PG as cathode for HER electrode and RuO₂ as anode for OER electrode. Also, their electrochemical performances along with the corresponding hydrogen yields were evaluated in single cell PEM water electrolyzer at various experimental conditions such as different current densities from 0.1 to 2.0 A cm^?2 and temperatures (28–80°C). The synthesized Pd/PG electrocatalyst was observed a current density of 1 A cm^?2 with 1.95 V at 80°C. Further, long-term stability studies were carried out continuously up to 2000 h which showed a reasonable stability. Hence, the synthesized Pd/PG can be used as an alternative to Pt-based electrocatalysts for the HER in PEM water electrolysis.     

亚甲基蓝褪色催化动力学光度法测定痕量Cu~(2+)

研究了在聚乙二醇-200(PEG-200)活化下,Cu2+催化H2O2氧化亚甲基蓝的褪色反应,建立了亚甲基蓝褪色催化动力学光度法测定痕量Cu2+的方法。在25mL容量瓶中,加入1.00mL pH为11.68的氨水溶液、2.00mL H2O2溶液(质量分数15%)、1.00mL亚甲基蓝溶液(质量浓度0.20mg/mL)、3.00mL PEG-200溶液,76℃恒温反应5min后冷却,测定吸光度,根据加Cu2+溶液和不加Cu2+溶液的吸光度差值与Cu2+质量浓度绘制了工作曲线,并由试样的吸光度差值确定痕量Cu2+含量。该法的测定波长为664nm,检出限为5.4×10-6g/L,最大相对标准偏差为2.58%,回收率为97.5%~104.5%。     

氢同位素组成及光合特征对梵净山珙桐水源的解析

珙桐(Davidia involucrata)系我国特有的单科单属植物,为第三纪孑遗种,被列为我国一级珍稀濒危植物。贵州省梵净山地区气候常年温凉湿润,在梵净山国家级自然保护区内,选取人工种植及天然分布的珙桐为研究对象,通过测定珙桐的光合参数,比较阴天和晴天珙桐光合日变化,分析生长地大气降水、土壤水分、地下水以及珙桐树枝水分氢同位素组成,研究了梵净山珙桐的水分利用状况和不同水源利用份额。结果表明,珙桐幼树为阳生植物,蒸腾速率较低,适宜在阴凉的环境生长,且温度不宜超过30℃。人工林种植和天然生长的珙桐利用大气降水分别为76%和58%。低蒸腾速率导致根部对土壤水的拉力小,因此,利用土壤深层水分的份额小。阴凉、多雨、云雾缭绕的环境为梵净山的珙桐生存提供良好的水分条件。     

高浓度聚合氯化铁(PFC)中铁的形态分布与转化研究

以氯化铁和无水碳酸钠为原料,加入稳定剂W,采用共聚工艺,制备了稳定高浓度的聚合氯化铁(PFC)混凝剂.采用Fe-Ferron逐时络合比色法研究了PFC中铁的形态分布情况,考察了熟化时间、碱化度(B)及n(W)/n(Fe)(W/Fe摩尔比)对PFC中铁的形态分布的影响.研究结果表明,在PFC中,由于稳定剂W与铁的水解产物间的相互作用,使得铁的水解聚合形态分布及转化情况发生了变化.碱化度(B)、n(W)/n(Fe)和熟化时间均对铁的形态分布有重要的影响.      

聚合硅酸铝铁絮凝剂中铁的形态分布与转化

以AlCl₃·6H₂O ,FeCl₃·6H₂O ,Na₂CO₃,盐酸和硅酸钠为原料制备了不同碱化度B及不同n(Al)∶n(Fe)∶n(Si)摩尔比的系列聚合硅酸铝铁絮凝剂 (PAFSC) ,采用Fe -Ferron逐时络合比色法研究了PAFSC中铁的形态分布情况 ,考察了熟化时间、制备工艺及n(Al)∶n(Fe)∶n(Si)对PAFSC中铁的形态分布的影响情况。研究结果表明 :随着熟化时间的延长 ,铁和聚硅酸摩尔数的增加 ,PAFSC中铁的形态由低聚物向高聚物转化.      

阳离子絮凝剂P(AM-DMC)的合成及其对活性染料废水的絮凝脱色

以K2S2O8-脲为引发剂,通过自由基聚合法合成了丙烯酰胺-2-甲基丙烯酰氧乙基三甲基氯化铵P（AM—DMC）絮凝剂,并研究了其对4种活性染料模拟废水的脱色效果,考察了P（AM—DMC）加入量、阳离子度、特性粘数、染料溶液pH等因素对脱色效果的影响。实验结果表明：最佳P（AM—DMC）加入量随染料分子中磺酸基数目的增加而增加,随絮凝剂阳离子度的增大而减少;阳离子度大于52％时,最高脱色率基本相同;特性粘数对脱色效果影响很小;在染料溶液为弱酸性及中性条件下,P（AM—DMC）的脱色效果较好。P（AM—DMC）对活性染料废水的脱色机理是,P（AM—DMC）中的-N^＋（CH3）3与染料分子中的-SO3^-结合,生成-N^＋（CH3）3SO3^-,同时也形成了分子间氢键,通过键合作用使染料分子聚集沉降。