百脉泉泉群泉水氢氧稳定同位素时空变化特征

研究泉水氢氧稳定同位素时空变化特征,探究泉水的补给来源,对水资源管理及旅游业可持续发展具有重要指导意义。以百脉泉泉群为研究区,通过分析降水及泉水中的氢氧稳定同位素特征,获取了本地大气降水线、泉水同位素时空变化特征及蒸发线,并探究了百脉泉泉水的补给来源。结果表明：大气降水中δ²H的波动范围为-151.55‰δ¹⁸O—-4.28‰,δ¹⁸O的波动范围为-19.93‰δ¹⁸O—-0.52‰,δ²H和δ¹⁸O在时间上的分布规律相似,均呈现双峰状(“M”型),本地大气降水线(LMWL)为：δ²H=7.58×δ¹⁸O+4.17。百脉泉泉水的δ²H的波动范围为-65.23‰δ¹⁸O—-37.01‰,δ¹⁸O的波动范围为-8.99‰δ¹⁸O—-4.04‰。泉水δ²H—δ¹⁸O均落在本地大气降水线上或...     

高浓度PASC复合混凝剂的混凝动力学研究

以铝酸钠为碱化剂,合成了具有不同 Si/Al摩尔比的聚硅氯化铝复合混凝剂(PASC),采用透光率脉动检测技术并结合混凝效能和Zeta电位的测定结果,对PASC以及聚合氯化铝(PAC)、参比PACref在混凝过程中絮集物形成和增长的变化差异作了对比研究.结果表明,混凝过程中,Zeta电位、剩余浊度以及混凝指数密切相关.采用铝酸钠为碱化剂合成并引入硅酸钠的混凝剂,有利于提高凝聚速度和絮集物颗粒大小.在Si/Al摩尔比为0.10时处理效果达到最佳.     

Kinetics study on photochemical oxidation of polyacrylamide by ozone combined with hydrogen peroxide and ultraviolet radiation

An investigation on the process of ozone combined with hydrogen peroxide and ultraviolet radiation has been carried out in order to establish the kinetics for photochemical oxidation of polyacrylamide （PAM） in aqueous solution. Effects of operating parameters, including initial PAM concentration, dosages of ozone and hydrogen peroxide, UV radiation and pH value on the photochemical oxidation of PAM, have been studied. There was an increase in photochemical oxidation rate of PAM with increasing of dosages of 03, H2O2 and ultraviolet radiation. Upon increasing of the initial PAM concentration, the photochemical oxidation rate of PAM decreased. Slight effect of pH value on the photochemical oxidation rate of PAM was observed in the experiments. The kinetics equation for the photochemical oxidation of PAM by the system has been established.     

A Study of Sorptive Loss Patterns for Reduced Sulfur Compounds in the Use of the Bag Sampling Method

In this work, the basic properties of the bag sampling method were examined and characterized in terms of recovery rate with respect to four reduced sulfur compounds (RSC) including H₂S, CH₃SH, DMS, and DMDS. For this comparative study, two types of calibration approaches were performed to evaluate the relative RSC loss due to bag sampling. As a reference calibration tool, a syringe dilution (SD) method was applied. The working standards prepared by diluting the primary standard in a gas-tight syringe (as a mixing chamber) were injected to the GC/PFPD through a loop-injection system to yield a background calibration information. In contrast, the target calibration was performed based on a bag dilution (BD) method. To this end, working standards for multiple calibration points were prepared by two different bag types (Tedlar bag (TB) and polyester bag (PB)). These standards were then drawn by the same syringe and injected into the GC/PFPD via loop. On the basis of these comparative analyses, both absolute and relative differences in RSC recovery rates (RR) were evaluated (e.g., comparison of wall-loss effect). The results indicate that TB has a mean RR of 87% for the four RSC with their values ranging from 82 (CH₃SH) to 91% (DMDS). On the other hand, the results of PB generally exhibited slightly reduced RR with their mean values of 77% (range: 73% of H₂S to 83% of DMS). The results of this study generally suggest that the losses of RSC samples, while inevitable with the bag sampling method, exhibit certain patterns between different RSCs and between different grab sampling materials.     

脱氮硫杆菌氧化硫化氢过程中的生物氧化和化学氧化

在好氧反应器中研究了不同条件下H2S生物氧化和化学氧化之间的关系.结果表明,在pH为6～8、温度为25～35℃和溶解氧浓度为10.5 mg·L-1时,当硫化氢进气摩尔流速稳定在2.1 mmok·L-1·h-1时,脱氮硫杆菌(Thiobacillus denitrificans)氧化硫化氢的生物氧化速率可达到1.9 mmol·L-1·h-1以上,此时硫化物在液相的累积摩尔速率和H2S出口摩尔流速均很低;化学氧化速率随pH、温度和溶解氧浓度的增加而增大,可达到0.33 mmol·L-1·h-1～0.45 mmol·L-1·h-1;化学氧化速率在最佳菌体生长条件范围内占总氧化速率的比值较小,为8.6～19.1%,而随着pH值、温度的降低这一比值上升至29%～43.7%.     

给水管网中铁释放现象的影响因素研究

在实验室静态试验下,定量分析了给水管网中无机化学水质参数对铁释放现象的影响,包括酸碱条件、氧化还原条件和无机离子等不同类别的水质参数.研究发现,铁释放速率都随着pH值、碱度和氧化剂浓度的升高而降低,随着氯离子浓度的升高而升高.根据管网的一般条件,提出了控制铁释放现象的理论临界释放速率计算公式.根据理论临界铁释放速率,达到控制管网铁释放现象的必要条件时,管网水质条件满足的要求为pH大于7.6,碱度大于150 mg/L,溶解氧浓度大于2 mg/L,氯离子浓度小于150 mg/L.     

聚合氯化铝絮凝剂深度除磷实验研究

通过混凝实验考察了聚合氯化铝絮凝剂(PAC)除磷作用,研究探讨了聚二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵(PDADMAC),赤泥与聚合氯化铝的协同除磷性能.研究表明,PAC具有良好的除磷效果,对模拟废水磷的去除率达94.6%,对实际污水总磷去除率达96.6%,浊度去除率达93.8%.赤泥能显著提高PAC的除磷效果,但PDADMAC没有明显作用.     

臭氧氧化水中壬基酚的反应机理研究

采用臭氧氧化浓度为20 mg/L的壬基酚溶液,研究了臭氧氧化去除壬基酚的效果及氧化过程中中间产物的变化情况,探讨了臭氧氧化壬基酚的反应机理.结果表明,臭氧氧化涉及2种氧化方式,臭氧分子的单独反应和臭氧/羟基自由基的联合氧化.2种氧化方式在18 min内均能完全去除壬基酚,联合氧化方式在4 min内即能达到96％的去除率,而单独臭氧分子氧化需要12 min.氧化过程中检测到甲醛的产生,单独臭氧氧化下甲醛产生量在8 min左右达到稳定,而混合氧化方式下甲醛量逐步增加.     

氧化剂在超声波法降解有机废水中的应用研究

超声波法是近年来逐步发展起来的一项水处理技术,它操作简单方便,无二次污染,但是单纯超声处理废水的降解效率并不十分理想,且能量消耗较大,在超声处理过程中加入适当的氧化剂,则可以大大提高超声降解的效果,并且降低能耗。文章分别研究了双氧水、Fenton试剂等氧化剂在超声波处理中的应用及其作用机理,对其发展进行了展望。     

阳离子聚丙烯酰胺絮凝剂的制备及其絮凝性能

研究了丙烯酰胺（AM）与丙烯酰氧乙基三甲皋氯化铵共聚反应制备阳离子聚丙烯酰胺絮凝剂的工艺。实验结果表明,最佳聚合条件：pH6．0、（NH4）2S2O8和CH3NaO3S·2H2O总质量分数0．0125％、（NH4）：S2O8与CH3NaO3S·2H2O质量比1．0、偶氮类化合物质量分数0．0125％、单体质量分数（AM和阳离子单体总质量占整个反应体系的质量分数）35％、阳离子度（阳离子单体占AM和阳离子单体之和的质量分数）30％、反应温度25℃。在最佳条件下,所得阳离子聚丙烯酰胺絮凝剂的特性黏数为13．8535dl／g,在其加入量为0．027％的条件下处理污泥,上层清液透光率达99．6％,污泥脱水率达90．5％。并用红外光谱对阳离子聚丙烯酰胺的结构进行了表征。