JMS-CCDAF-NF工艺去除水中腐殖酸的研究

试验研究了JMS-逆流气浮-纳滤集成工艺去除水中腐殖酸的工艺特征和效果。试验结果表明:JMS-逆流气浮工艺去除水中腐殖酸时,在最佳投药点(PACl),出水水质符合纳滤系统预处理单元的要求。该预处理系统与纳滤系统组合的集成工艺可以使水中的腐殖酸有机物浓度大大降低,且含TQ56-36FC型纳滤膜的流程比含M-N1812A型纳滤膜的流程效果好。前者出水的TOC值可达0.28￣0.70mg/L。后者出水的TOC值在0.59￣1.30mg/L。另外,尽管保安过滤/活性炭预处理有利于纳滤膜出水水质的提高,但活性炭柱与纳滤膜能去除的有机物种类是有些重合。     

高浓度聚合氯化铝的合成及其形态分布与转化规律

以CaO为碱化剂采用一次加碱法合成了高浓度聚合氯化铝(PAC),研究了其反应特性及产品的铝形态分布与转化规律.结果表明,CaO特殊的水化反应可使PAC达到较高浓度和较高B值,PAC最高浓度可达2.1mol/L,B值为2.1.合成过程中无论高铝浓度体系还是低铝浓度体系,均存在一最佳B值,此B值下产品的Al_b含量最高.最佳B值和最高Al_b含量均随总铝浓度的升高而降低.B值小于最佳B值时,总反应主要表现为生成Al_b;B值大于最佳B值时,总反应表现为生成Al_c.     

高炉瓦斯灰(泥)中锌的萃取利用

我国南方数家钢铁厂瓦斯灰(泥)中含有具有利用价值ZnO。本法以瓦斯灰(泥)为原料,不需前期加工,用NH4Cl作萃取剂提取Zn制取活性ZnO。本法条件温和,较传统的酸法消耗少,腐蚀小,萃取剂可回用,所以成本低廉,加之国家有关优惠政策,使用本法利用瓦斯灰(泥)有较大的优势。     

聚铁硅型复合无机高分子絮凝剂的形态分布特征

应用直接与间接形态分析方法相结合 ,研究聚铁硅型复合混凝剂形态分布特征的结果表明 ,聚合铁硅型复合混凝剂的形态分布随碱化度、氧化硅的种类与Si/Fe比的不同而有显明的差异 .其中碱化度是决定形态分布的主要因素 .3种氧化硅中Silica(A)与Silica(B)的特性比较类似 ,较Silica(C)具有更大的活性 ,即对形态分布有着更显著的影响 .随着OH/Fe比的增加 ,Fe_a 含量显著下降 ,而Fe_c 含量显著上升 .Fe_b 含量较少 ,但也随着碱化度呈略微上升趋势 .与聚合铁相比 ,呈现出相近的形态分布与转换趋势 .在一定碱化度条件下 ,随着Si/Fe比的增加 ,引入Silica(A)与Silica(B)导致Fe_a 与Fe_b 含量上升 ,而Fe_c 含量显著下降 .Silica(C)对其 3类型态的含量变化影响不大 .     

Delignification of disposable wooden chopsticks waste for fermentative hydrogen production by an enriched culture from a hot spring

Hydrogen(H2) production from lignocellulosic materials may be enhanced by removing lignin and increasing the porosity of the material prior to enzymatic hydrolysis. Alkaline pretreatment conditions,used to delignify disposable wooden chopsticks(DWC) waste, were investigated. The effects of NaOH concentration, temperature and retention time were examined and it was found that retention time had no effect on lignin removal or carbohydrate released in enzymatic hydrolysate. The highest percentage of lignin removal(41%) was obtained with 2% NaOH at 100℃, correlated with the highest carbohydrate released(67 mg/gpretreated DWC) in the hydrolysate. An enriched culture from a hot spring was used as inoculum for fermentative H2 production, and its optimum initial pH and temperature were determined to be 7.0 and 50℃, respectively. Furthermore, enzymatic hydrolysate from pretreated DWC was successfully demonstrated as a substrate for fermentative H2 production by the enriched culture. The maximum H2 yield and production rate were achieved at 195 mL H2/g total sugarsconsumedand 116 mL H2/(L·day), respectively.     

双河洞流域氢氧同位素特征及其指示意义

为了探究喀斯特区域地表水与地下水的相互转化关系及水-岩作用特征,以双河洞流域为研究对象,分别在2018年12月和2019年6月对流域地表水与地下水进行监测采样。运用数理统计、Piper三线图、回归分析等方法对水样的氢氧同位素组成和水化学特征进行分析。结果表明：(1)旱季和雨季流域内地表水、地下水优势阳离子以Ca²⁺和Mg²⁺为主,优势阴离子以HCO^-₃为主;水化学类型为Ca²⁺·Mg²⁺-HCO^-₃型。(2)流域内氢氧同位素具有季节变化特征,表现为雨季高、旱季低;流域沿程有着复杂的转换关系,池武溪上游以地下水补给地表水为主,池武溪中游至下游地表水与地下水交替补给。(3)流域氘盈余值呈现出旱季低雨季高的季节差异,在水-岩作用的影响下与当地大气降水的氘盈余值变化特征相反,而且水-岩作用强烈的区域与流域洞穴密集分布的特点相对应。     

不同活性炭活化过硫酸盐的效能及机理的规律研究

选取煤质活性炭(F400D)、木质活性炭(Norit)和椰壳活性炭(Youshi)作为过硫酸盐(PS)活化剂,通过动力学实验研究了不同活性炭对过硫酸盐的活化效能及机理,考察了氯化钠和碳酸钠对活性炭/过硫酸盐体系的影响.结果表明,3种活性炭/过硫酸盐体系均可实现橙黄G的高效去除,效能略有差异,依次为:F400D/PSNorit/PSYoushi/PS.活性炭对染料的去除包括吸附作用和活化过硫酸盐的氧化降解作用,吸附位点与活化位点在活性炭上具有不同的分布.活性炭/过硫酸盐体系对1~100 mmol·L~(-1)氯化钠有很强的耐受作用,适用于高盐废水中有机污染物的去除.1~10 mmol·L~(-1)的碳酸钠对体系有明显的抑制作用.     

Decolorization of Blue CL-BR dye by AOPs using bleach wastewater as source of H2O2

This research was focused on the investigation of the efficacy of advanced oxidation processes (Fenton,ozonation and UV/H_2O_2) for decolorization of reactive azo dye (Blue CL-BR) using bleach wastewater as possible source of H_2O_2.All the experiments were performed on the laboratory scale set-up.The results showed that colour removal efficiencies by UV or bleach (H_2O_2) alone were not so efficient.Fenton process with bleach wastewater was found to be the most effective at process conditions such as pH of 3 and H_2O_2/Fe~(2 ) ratio of 24:1,resulting in 64% colour removal.Almost complete colour removal,i.e.,99% and 95% were achieved by UV/H_2O_2 and UVfoleach wastewater in 30 and 60 min,respectively.Ozonation proved an efficient method for decolorization of Blue CL-BR dye at alkaline pH.It was possible to achieve 98% colour removal with 30 min of ozonation at pH 9.The colour removal of dye was found to follow first order kinetics.     

壳聚糖联合聚合氯化铝强化混凝除藻的参数优化

为增强饮用原水中藻类的混凝去除效果,以铜绿微囊藻和水华鱼腥藻为对象,在单因素实验的基础上,采用响应曲面法考察了壳聚糖（CTS）投加量、聚合氯化铝（PAC）投加量、pH值及CTS和PAC的投加顺序对CTS联合PAC混凝除藻的影响.结果表明,混凝去除铜绿微囊藻（叶绿素a含量为45~55μg/L）的最佳条件为：CTS 0.40mg/L、PAC 1.19mg/L、原水pH值7.5、CTS和PAC混合均匀后投加,该条件下模型预测叶绿素a去除率为96.1%（实测值为95.7%）;混凝去除水华鱼腥藻（叶绿素a含量为80~90μg/L）的最佳条件为：CTS 0.25mg/L、PAC 2.00mg/L、原水pH值7.9、先投加CTS后投加PAC,该条件下模型预测叶绿素a去除率为97.9%（实测值为97.0%）.当原水pH值9.0时（模拟高藻原水的碱性环境）,混凝去除铜绿微囊藻和水华鱼腥藻的最佳投药顺序均为CTS和PAC混合均匀后投加,实测叶绿素a去除率分别为94.9%和95.3%;混凝铜绿微囊藻的药剂方案为CTS 0.40mg/L、PAC 2.00mg/L,药剂成本为0.0215元/m³,混凝水华鱼腥藻的药剂方案为CTS 0.24mg/L、PAC 2.00mg/L,药剂成本为0.0149元/m³.     

氯化氢（硫氰酸汞分光光度法）测定中若干问题探讨

硫氰酸汞分光光度法测定空气中氯化氢,方法试剂空白值不稳定,曲线线性不好。现就在大气中氯化氢的测定（硫氰酸汞分光光度法）过程中遇到的若干问题作了分析和探讨,并且通过实验,证明提高硫氰酸汞的浓度,可以提高该测量方法灵敏度。